Isolation, Characterization, and Determination of 1-O-trans-Cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose in the Epidermis and Flesh of Developing Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) and Four of Its Genotypes

Abstract

1-O-trans-Cinnamoyl-beta-d-glucopyranose was purified from cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) juice and unambiguously characterized. Absent at the immature green stage, its concentration bursts at the turning and even more at the mature ripe stage, reaching 6.2 mg/100 g of fresh weight. Whatever the considered cashew apple genotype, this cinnamoyl glucoside ester was preferentially concentrated in the epidermis, which was 4-5 times richer than flesh, reaching 85 mg/100 g of fresh weight for skin of the Brazilian clone EMBRAPA 50. Entire cashew apples contained from 6 to 20 mg of 1-cinnamoylglucose/100 g, a concentration similar to that of red strawberry receptacle. Accumulation of such amounts in this false fruit remains to be explained.

Anacardium Plants: Chemical,Nutritional Composition and Biotechnological Applications

“…All the compounds were found in the 2,3- cis configuration. Half of the skin sample tannins were galloylated (∼20%) as compared to flesh tannins [54]. Other studies have also been performed to analyze the average molecular weight, main functional groups and thermal properties of tannins isolated from A. occidentale, using HPLC, FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis.…”

“…for skin of the Brazilian clone EMBRAPA 50. Whole cashew apple comprises 6 to 20 mg of 1-cinnamoyl glucose/100 g [54]. Another study was performed to isolate anacardic acid from natural cashew nut shell liquid using supercritical carbon dioxide.…”

Cashew apple extract inhibition of fat storage and insulin resistance in the diet-induced obesity mouse model

“…Combined, these data suggest that myricetin and quercetin derivatives contained in plant extracts such as CAE may participate in the effect of the extract on DIO mice. Also, a poorly described cinnamic acid derivative recently identified in cashew apple ( 22 ) , 1- O-trans -cinnamoyl-β- d -glucopyranose, is present in the CAE at almost the same amount as quercetin derivatives. The role of this phytochemical in the CAE activity observed in this study is not known.…”

“…The identification of phenol constituents in the CAE by HPLC was based on the literature ( 20 , 22 ) . The main flavonoids, i.e.…”

“…Michodjehoun-Mestres et al . have identified and quantified several glycosylated flavonols in the cashew apple ( 20 ) next to a new cinnamic acid derivative called 1- O-trans cinnamoyl- β - d -glucopyranose ( 22 ) . To date, some literature has discussed the hypoglycaemic properties of extracts obtained either from cashew tree stem-barks ( 24 – 26 ) , leaves ( 27 – 29 ) or nuts ( 30 ) in animal models.…”