Isolation, characterization, and serial propagation of a bovine group C rotavirus in a monkey kidney cell line (MA104)

Abstract

A virus (designated the Shintoku strain) which was morphologically indistinguishable from group A rotaviruses was detected in the feces of adult cows with diarrhea in Japan. The virus contained 11 segments of double-stranded RNA and had an electrophoretic migration pattern in polyacrylamide gels similar to that of other group C rotaviruses (4-3-2-2). Feces containing the bovine virus reacted with antiserum to porcine group C rotavirus (Cowden strain) but not group A or B rotaviruses in immunoelectron microscopy. The virus was adapted to serial propagation in roller tube cultures of a rhesus monkey kidney cell line (MA104) by using high concentrations of trypsin. Evidence for viral replication in MA104 cell cultures was demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence by using antiserum to porcine group C rotavirus and by electrophoretic analysis of extracted viral double-stranded RNA. A significant antibody response against the isolate was detected in convalescent-phase sera of cows which excreted the virus: no increased antibody response to bovine group A rotavirus was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation of a group C rotavirus from cattle.

Detection and molecular characterization of porcine group C rotaviruses in South Korea

“…Group C rotavirus (GCRV) was first detected in pigs in 1980 (Saif et al, 1980) and has been subsequently identified in humans, ferrets, and cattle (Rodger et al, 1982;Torres-Median, 1987;Tsunemitsu et al, 1991). Since then, the global distribution of human GCRVs has been established; they are suspected of being an emerging pathogen Caul et al, 1990;Esona et al, 2008;Iizuka et al, 2006;Kuzuya et al, , 2007Medici et al, 2009;Steyer et al, 2006).…”

Prevalence of group A and group B rotaviruses in the feces of neonatal dairy calves from California

“…Jarasvech Chinsangaram et al in cattle [2][3][4][5][6]. Among these three groups, only group A bovine rotavirus has been studied extensively because most of the group A bovine rotaviruses are cultivable in cell culture [5].…”

“…A few cases of group B bovine rotavirus have been reported in the U.S. [7][8][9][10]. Bovine group C rotavirus (shintoku strain) has been isolated from adult cows with diarrhea in Japan although the isolation of this virus in the U.S. has never been reported [6].…”

Development and application of one-step multiplex reverse transcription PCR for simultaneous detection of five diarrheal viruses in adult cattle

“…Bovine coronavirus (BCV) is a primary cause of adult cattle diarrhea, including winter dysentery (WD), which is characterized by the sudden onset of epidemic diarrhea, which occasionally presents with bloody feces and reduced milk production during the winter season [15,32,36,44]. In addition, bovine group A rotavirus (GAR) [14,38], bovine group B rotavirus (GBR) [7,18,45], bovine group C rotavirus (GCR) [28,42], and bovine torovirus (BToV) [19,22] also have been identified in field cases of adult cattle diarrhea. However, the frequency of adult cattle diarrhea caused by these viruses remains unclear.…”

“…Bovine GAR is one of the major pathogens that causes acute diarrhea in neonatal calves worldwide [11] and is occasionally responsible for diarrhea in adult cattle [14,38]. Bovine GBR and GCR have been associated with epidemic outbreaks of diarrhea in adult cattle but are relatively uncommon in calves [7,18,28,42,45], and in several outbreaks, marked drops in milk production have been observed [18,28,42]. Rotaviruses can be genotyped using the outer capsid proteins VP7 and VP4 to define the G and P genotype, respectively, based on sequence differences of the respective genes [12].…”