Isolation, Identification, and Quantitative Determination of Saponin in Apostichopus japonicus by HPLC-DAD

Liu, Guiying; Wang, Xuda; Ge, Kun; Wu, Jinhao; Wang, Zhaohui; Du, Jing; Song, Lu; Zhou, Zunchun

doi:10.1007/s11802-022-4854-0

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[103,104] Twenty-seven triterpene glycosides have been found oxo-holotoxin A1. [105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113] Echinoside A was identified for the first time by HPLC, MS, and other technologies. [106] Three novel saponins japonicus: extraction time of 10 min, temperature of 45°C, and 25 mL of 70% ethanol as a solvent under 400 W. [108] The structures of saponins in A. japonicus are shown in Figures 1a and 1b.…”

Section: Triterpene Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[105] The contents of Cladoloside A in different sites were also detected using HPLC-diode-array detection, and the results showed that the content of parapodium was up to 270 μg/g. [108] A method was established to use D-quinovose as the standard to compare the contents of triterpene glycosides extracted from dried A. japonicus, 60% ethanol pretreated samples, and 60% ethanol pretreated samples with n-butanol as 0.107 ± 0.0018%, 0.0947 ± 0.0022%, and 0.099 ± 0.0068%, respectively. The results showed that appropriate pretreatment had little effect on the content and could also reduce the column efficiency caused by other complex components in the sample, and triterpene glycosides could be enriched by n-butanol extraction after pretreatment, and it was concluded that this is an effective method to enrich and promote triterpene glycoside isolation.…”

Section: Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 103,104 ] Twenty‐seven triterpene glycosides have been found in A. japonicus , namely, Holotoxin A, Holotoxin A1, Echinoside A, Holotoxin B, Holotoxin B1, Holotoxin D, Holotoxin D1, Holotoxin E, Holotoxin E1, Holotoxin E2, Holotoxin F, Holotoxin G, Holotoxin S 1 –S 4 , Cladoloside A, Cladoloside B, Apostichoposide A, Apostichoposide A1, Apostichoposide B, Apostichoposide B1, Apostichoposide C, Stichloroside C1, Bivittoside D, 25,26‐dihydroxy‐holotoxin A1, and 26‐Nor‐25‐oxo‐holotoxin A1. [ 105–113 ] Echinoside A was identified for the first time by HPLC, MS, and other technologies. [ 106 ] Three novel saponins Apostichoposide A–C from viscera were characterized by HPLC‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight‐MS based on their unique fragmentation patterns in the negative ion mode tandem MS spectra.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often accompanied by the use of ultrasound, microwave‐assisted extraction, and so forth. The following are the optimal conditions for microwave‐assisted extraction of Cladoloside A in A. japonicus : extraction time of 10 min, temperature of 45°C, and 25 mL of 70% ethanol as a solvent under 400 W. [ 108 ]…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 105 ] The contents of Cladoloside A in different sites were also detected using HPLC‐diode‐array detection, and the results showed that the content of parapodium was up to 270 μg/g. [ 108 ]…”

Section: Content Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical substances and their activities in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: A review

Lu,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Archiv der Pharmazie

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Apostichopus japonicus, also known as Stichopus japonicus, with medicinal and food homologous figures, is a globally recognized precious ingredient with extremely high nutritional value. There is no relevant review available through literature search, so this article selects the research articles through the keywords “sea cucumber” and “Apostichopus japonicus (Stichopus japonicus)” in six professional databases, such as Wiley, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ACS, Springer, and Web of Science, from 2000 to the present, summarizing the extraction, isolation, and purification methods for the four major categories (polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, saponins, and other components) of the A. japonicus chemical substances and 10 effective biological activities of A. japonicus. Included are anticoagulation, anticancer/antitumor activities, hematopoiesis, regulation of gut microbiota, and immune regulatory activities that correspond to traditional efficacy. Literature support is provided for the development of medicines and functional foods and related aspects that play a leading role in future directions.

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Section: Triterpene Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Content Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical substances and their activities in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: A review

Lu,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Archiv der Pharmazie

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A Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase from Apostichopus japonicus Is Involved in Saponin Biosynthesis and Regulated by Immune Processes

Jiang,

Chen,

Gao

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Research

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Apostichopus japonicus is one of the few animals that can synthesize saponins. Present understanding of saponin biosynthesis is often limited to genome analysis, leaving the precise mechanism still unclear. This study examined the potential role of a gene annotated as farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) in saponin biosynthesis of A. japonicus. We amplified its complete cDNA (denoted as AjFPS) and produced its recombinant protein (rAjFPS) through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and Escherichia coli expression system, respectively. RNA interference and correlation analysis of AjFPS transcriptional expression level and saponin content were conducted to evaluate the role of AjFPS in saponin biosynthesis. A pull‐down assay was used to preliminarily explore its regulatory role in saponin biosynthesis. The complete cDNA sequence of AjFPS was shown to be 3,006 bp in length. The inferred amino acid sequence harbored two conserved aspartate‐rich sites (DDXXD). Analysis of the amino acid sequence using phylogenetics showed that AjFPS was more similar to FPSs found in saponin‐producing marine organisms rather than those in non‐saponin‐producing ones or plants. The knockdown of AjFPS resulted in a remarkable decline in saponin content. The temporal expression of AjFPS was significantly correlated with the variation in saponin content after Vibrio splendidus challenge. The pull‐down analysis illustrated that AjFPS interacted directly or indirectly with diverse immune‐related factors associated with pathogen recognition and destruction and protection against oxidative stress. Combined, these results suggested that AjFPS is involved in saponin synthesis, and this process in A. japonicus is likely modulated by immune processes, with AjFPS serving as a regulatory node. These findings will promote a deeper understanding of saponin synthesis and immune regulation as well as contribute to the improvement of saponin quality traits in cultured A. japonicus.

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Isolation, Identification, and Quantitative Determination of Saponin in Apostichopus japonicus by HPLC-DAD

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Chemical substances and their activities in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: A review

Chemical substances and their activities in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: A review

A Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase from Apostichopus japonicus Is Involved in Saponin Biosynthesis and Regulated by Immune Processes

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