Isolation of Amniotic Stem Cell Lines With Potential for Therapy

Abstract

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is likelier to develop following a first pregnancy and delivery. Although retrospective epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk from both pregnancy and vaginal delivery, few cohort studies have estimated the long-term risk of SUI. This longitudinal cohort study examined the influence of SUI, beginning in a first pregnancy or puerperal period, on the risk of SUI symptoms 12 years later in 241 primiparous women entered consecutively into the trial in 1989 when seen for their first delivery. The 12-year incidence of SUI was based on 146 women lacking SUI for at least 3 months after delivery. By 12 years after the first delivery, 201 women had had 1-5 further pregnancies, and 187 had had 1-4 additional deliveries.The prevalence of SUI 12 years after the first delivery was 42%, and about 5% of women had SUI on a daily basis. Nearly 9% of women in the study reported hygienic problems or social discomfort resulting from SUI. The 12-year incidence of SUI was 30%. Any degree of SUI at 12 years was significantly more prevalent in women whose SUI began during the first pregnancy or within 3 months after giving birth, compared to women without SUI for at least the first 3 puerperal months. More than half of women whose SUI began during or after the first pregnancy but remitted by 3 months postpartum had SUI when assessed after 12 years. The risk of SUI 12 years after the first delivery was increased in women with higher body mass indices, but decreased in women who breast fed their infants for 6 months or longer and also in those having cesarean section at the first delivery. None of the women had undergone surgery for SUI. Training of the pelvic floor muscles did not lessen its prevalence.These findings show that, when SUI begins during the first pregnancy and especially the first delivery, the risk of symptoms 12 years later is significantly increased. Women who are obese before their first pregnancy and delivery appear to be especially at risk, whereas cesarean delivery may protect again long-lasting SUI in premenopausal women. GYNECOLOGYVolume 62, Number 5 OBSTETRICAL AND GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY

Preclinical regulatory validation of a 3-stage amniotic mesenchymal stem cell manufacturing protocol

“…It remains to be seen whether these alternatives would lead to any advantage, or disadvantage, in clinical-grade processing. Also, it remains to be determined whether amniotic stem cells recently obtained by somewhat different methods and described as more primitive than purely mesenchymal are actually the same cells that we and others refer to as AMSCs, which have been shown to be able to give rise to cells from more than one germ layer [13,14].…”

Amniotic fluid stem cell-based models to study the effects of gene mutations and toxicants on male germ cell formation

“…[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] It is now known that descending from one single AFS cell of this type, it is possible to induce both differentiation into cells of all three embryonic tissue types and embryoid body formation. These findings on the pluripotency of AFS cells were obtained using monoclonal cell lines generated via magnetic cell sorting (e.g., for c-Kit) and minimal dilution approaches from human amniocentesis samples.…”

“…Monoclonal AFS cell lines can be cultivated in an undifferentiated status with high proliferation rate and without the need of feeder cells. 38,41,49 In this article, we suggest to test the usability of human (and mouse) AFS cells as a model to study sperm cell development in vitro using the differentiation protocols described above for ES and iPS cells (Figure 1). We suggest to use the wellknown and widely used approach to isolate monoclonal Oct4 1 /cKit 1 AFS cell lines.…”

“…Furthermore, monoclonal human AFS cell lines have been reported to maintain genome stability during expansion and do not induce tumour formation in severe combined immunodeficient mice. 41,44,46,47,49,61,62 To analyse the genetic mechanisms of sperm cell development, it is of the highest relevance to use stem cell-based models, which allow the investigation of the consequences of a specific genetic aberration. 63,64 One approach would be to use stem cells with natural occurring genetic aberrations, which are of relevance for human pathological phenotypes associated with infertility.…”

Human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells expressing cytosine deaminase and thymidine kinase inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells in cellular and xenograft mouse models

“…17 Additionally, the surface marker profile of hAFSCs and their expression of the transcription factor Oct4 suggest that these cells are in an intermediate stage between pluripotent human embryonic stem cells and lineage-restricted adult stem cells. 18 Unlike embryonic stem cells, the process used to recover hAFSCs is not controversial and they are associated with a low risk of tumorigenicity in vivo. Thus, hAFSCs have more advantages for therapeutic applications.…”