Isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from animal feed in USA

Schwalbe, Richard; McIntosh, Angela C; Qaiyumi, Sadaf; Johnson, Judith A.; Morris, J. Glenn

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)05441-5

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Schwalbe et al (1999) tested poultry feeds and isolated Enterococcus faecium that were resistant to vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and ampicillin. In a study of cattle feed ingredients, Dargatz et al (2005) found that 38.7% of 514 E. coli isolates were resistant to cephalothin, 24.7% were resistant to ampicillin, 16.6% were resistant to cefoxitin, and 12.1% were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.…”

Section: Biological Chemical and Other Etiologic Agents Detected Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do We Feed to Food-Production Animals? A Review of Animal Feed Ingredients and Their Potential Impacts on Human Health

Sapkota

Lefferts

McKenzie

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

227

160

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ObjectiveAnimal feeding practices in the United States have changed considerably over the past century. As large-scale, concentrated production methods have become the predominant model for animal husbandry, animal feeds have been modified to include ingredients ranging from rendered animals and animal waste to antibiotics and organoarsenicals. In this article we review current U.S. animal feeding practices and etiologic agents that have been detected in animal feed. Evidence that current feeding practices may lead to adverse human health impacts is also evaluated.Data sourcesWe reviewed published veterinary and human-health literature regarding animal feeding practices, etiologic agents present in feed, and human health effects along with proceedings from animal feed workshops.Data extractionData were extracted from peer-reviewed articles and books identified using PubMed, Agricola, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Drug Administration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention databases.Data synthesisFindings emphasize that current animal feeding practices can result in the presence of bacteria, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, prions, arsenicals, and dioxins in feed and animal-based food products. Despite a range of potential human health impacts that could ensue, there are significant data gaps that prevent comprehensive assessments of human health risks associated with animal feed. Limited data are collected at the federal or state level concerning the amounts of specific ingredients used in animal feed, and there are insufficient surveillance systems to monitor etiologic agents “from farm to fork.”ConclusionsIncreased funding for integrated veterinary and human health surveillance systems and increased collaboration among feed professionals, animal producers, and veterinary and public health officials is necessary to effectively address these issues.

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Section: Biological Chemical and Other Etiologic Agents Detected Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do We Feed to Food-Production Animals? A Review of Animal Feed Ingredients and Their Potential Impacts on Human Health

Sapkota

Lefferts

McKenzie

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

227

160

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“…In a study in The Netherlands, van den Braak et al (1998) demonstrated similar molecular characteristics of vancomycin-resistan t enterococci (VRE) isolated from humans and poultry, suggesting that horizontal transfer of the organism and/or of genetic material does take place. There has been one report of VRE isolation from animal feed (Schwalbe et al 1999). Alternatively, another arguable possibilit y is that patients harbour a small number of VRE that are ampli®ed under selective hospital conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of multiple antimicrobial-resistant enterococci associated with the poultry environment

Joseph

Hayes²,

English³

et al. 2001

Food Additives and Contaminants

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Poultry are increasingly being associated with carriage of multiresistant organisms that may cause disease in humans. Among these organisms are the enterococci, not regarded as a common cause of hospital-acquired infections. The use of antimicrobials for growth promotion in poultry production envronments may facilitate the dissemination of resistance to Enterococcus spp. that have the potential to be clinically significant. To assess descriptively the degree of multiresistant enterococci in the poultry environment of the Delmarva (Delaware-Maryland-Virginia) East Coast region of the USA, litter samples from regional commercial poultry houses and transport container swabs from processing facilities were cultured for Enterococcus spp. Using a microtiter plate adaptation of a conventional biochemical screen, the predominant species identfied were E. faecalis (61.2%), E. faecium (18.6%) and E. gallinarum (2.4%). Resistance to the cephalosporin, macrolide and tetracycline classes of antimicrobials was uniform with broader resistance to penicillin and derivatives present in a majority of E. faecium isolates. High-level streptomycin resistance was evident in close to 30% of all isolates with a majority of E. faecalis variants possessing resistance. High-level gentamicin resistance was detected at a low frequency (2.6%) only within the E. faecalis group with resistance to low-level gentamicin levels present in a majority of both the E. faecalis group and subsets of E. faecium. No unexpected vancomycin resistance was detected. Of particular interest was resistance to the streptogramin quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D or Synercid), which was present in 70.4% of E. faecium and E. faecium variants.

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“…VRE are highly prevalent among hospitals in the United States (2,6) and have been reported from hospital wastewater but have not been isolated from livestock or any healthy human population (4,7,10,16,18,20). There has been speculation that VRE exist among the general population in the United States and that more should be done to identify community carriage of VRE so control measures can be instituted (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Strains Isolated from Community Wastewater from a Semiclosed Agri-Food System in Texas

Poole

Hume

Campbell

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains (VRE) were isolated from human wastewater but not swine fecal waste from a semiclosed agri-food system in Texas. Forty-nine VRE isolates possessed vanA, and one possessed vanB. Twenty-one pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types were identified and segregated into three groups. There was evidence of clonal dissemination among geographically separated sites.

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Isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from animal feed in USA

Cited by 34 publications

References 3 publications

What Do We Feed to Food-Production Animals? A Review of Animal Feed Ingredients and Their Potential Impacts on Human Health

What Do We Feed to Food-Production Animals? A Review of Animal Feed Ingredients and Their Potential Impacts on Human Health

Implications of multiple antimicrobial-resistant enterococci associated with the poultry environment

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Strains Isolated from Community Wastewater from a Semiclosed Agri-Food System in Texas

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