Isolation, structure determination, and antiaging effects of 2,3-pentanediol from endophytic fungus of Curcuma amada and docking studies

Abstract

An endophytic fungus was isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma amada (Zingiberaceae), which was identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of its morphological and molecular characters. Chromatographic separation and spectroscopic analysis of the fungal metabolite (chloroform extract) led to the identification of one pure compound having molecular formula C5H12O2, i.e., 2,3-pentanediol (1). Activity analysis of compound 1 demonstrated improved antiaging (antioxidant, thermotolerance) properties against Caenorhabditis elegans, in comparison to a similar, commercially available molecule i.e., 1,5-pentanediol (2). The effective (lower) concentration of 1 significantly showed (28.6%) higher survival percentage of the worms under thermal stress (37 ºC) compared to its higher concentration (25.3%), while similar trends were followed in oxidative stress where (22.2%) higher survival percentage was recorded in comparison to untreated control. The compound 1, however, lacked potential antimicrobial activity, indicating the plausible ramification of the position of OH group in such bioactive molecules. In silico evaluation of these molecules against common as well as unique targets corroborated better antiaging potential of 1 in comparison to that of 2. The results for the first time indicated that the utilization of the endophytic fungi of C. amada could, thus, be a possible source for obtaining non-plant-based bioactive compounds having broader therapeutic applications pertaining to age-related progressions.

Fungal Endophytes: A Blooming Reservoir for Future Products

“…xanthones, quinines, benzopyranones, phenols, isocoumarins etc,. 21,35 (Table 2) As a result endophytes provide several advantageous and novel prospective of biotherapeutic compounds over chemically synthesized compounds, this made the researcher towards the discovery of microbial metabolites. Therefore, identifying and characterizing of natural products from endophytic fungi will always be a novel and potential requirement in various fields.…”

“…So endophytic fungi have increased attention in the production of novel compounds and also several research studies have proven that novel natural products discovered from it are utilizing in medicinal, industry and agriculture purpose. [19][20][21]…”

Production of Gentisyl Alcohol from Phoma herbarum Endophytic in Curcuma longa L. and Its Antagonistic Activity Towards Leaf Spot Pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

“…It is interesting to note that Fusarium sp. dominates the endophytic assemblage of most of the plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae family [53,54].…”

Histologic observation, identification, and secondary metabolites analysis of endophytic fungi isolated from a medicinal plant, hedychium acuminatum Roscoe

“…The medicinal plants used frequently belongs to Zingiberaceae. The bioactive compounds produced by endophytic fungi have been isolated from host plants belongs to Zingiberaceae, i.e., Curcuma amada which contain 2, 3-pentanediol as antiaging (antioxidant and thermotolerance) characters produced by Fusarium oxysporum, endophytic fungi [15][16][17]. Penicillium sp., an endophytic fungus isolated from Curcuma longa produced an active compound as antimicrobial activity [18].…”