Isoquercitrin isolated from newly bred Green ball apple peel in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage regulates NF-κB inflammatory pathways and cytokines

Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 and -2: Emerging Targets in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions can be enriched by agents that block mPGES-2 in immune cells. Isoquercitrin, a flavonoid derived from green ball apple peel, has been shown to suppress mPGES-2 (and subsequently reduce PGE 2 ) in Raw 264.7 macrophages [130]. In this way, it could potentially be utilized as an anti-inflammation agent.…”

Fruit waste: a current perspective for the sustainable production of pharmacological, nutraceutical, and bioactive resources

“…This study further confirmed that apple peel extract effectively inhibited LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory iNOS and COX-2, as well as phosphorylation of NF-κB subunit p65 and further real-time PCR confirmed the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers like prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and IL-1β were also significantly downregulated in an in a dose-dependent way ( Lee et al, 2020 ). A more recent study by the same research group revealed that isoquercitrin was the main bioactive extracted from green ball apple peel extract ( Lee et al, 2022 ). Isoquercitrin can inhibit NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, and p65 protein expressions along with proinflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in a concentration-dependent fashion in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line ( Figure 2 ; Lee et al, 2022 ).…”

“…A more recent study by the same research group revealed that isoquercitrin was the main bioactive extracted from green ball apple peel extract ( Lee et al, 2022 ). Isoquercitrin can inhibit NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, and p65 protein expressions along with proinflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in a concentration-dependent fashion in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line ( Figure 2 ; Lee et al, 2022 ). A recent study reported that the ethanolic extract of pear pomace can also enhance LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells by decreasing NF-κB expression and NO production ( You et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Polyphenols are secondary metabolites generated from various portions of edible fruits wastes (apple, citrus, banana, pomegranate, grape, and pear) that include one or more phenolic groups ( Gerardi et al, 2021 ; Ko et al, 2021 ; Zardo et al, 2021 ; Hasan et al, 2022 ). They not only have numerous human health benefits such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antioxidant, and cardioprotective, but additionally, they possess anti-microbial-and antifungal properties ( Guo et al, 2020 ; Saleem and Saeed, 2020 ; Budiati et al, 2022 ; Elbandrawy et al, 2022 ; Ko and Ku, 2022 ; Lee et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, there is an increasing prevalence of drug resistance to harmful bacteria, which is a severe threat to humanity.…”

Isoquercitrin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in mice by regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and intestinal flora

“…15 Studies have found that IQ has many biological functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In addition, as a 3-O-glucoside derivative of quercetin, IQ shows high bioavailability in vivo. 23 IQ has been widely used as an antioxidant in the food industry in Japan and the United States and was granted Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status by FEMA and FDA in 2005 and 2007, respectively.…”