Isotope dilution gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the analysis of 4‐octyl phenol, 4‐nonylphenol, and bisphenol A in vegetable oils

Abstract

By the combination of solid-phase extraction as well as isotope dilution gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, a sensitive and reliable method for the determination of endocrine-disrupting chemicals including bisphenol A, 4-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol in vegetable oils was established. The application of a silica/N-(n-propyl)ethylenediamine mixed solid-phase extraction cartridge achieved relatively low matrix effects for bisphenol A, 4-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol in vegetable oils. Experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of derivatization, and the extraction parameters were optimized. The estimated limits of detection and quantification for bisphenol A, 4-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol were 0.83 and 2.5 μg/kg, respectively. In a spiked experiment in vegetable oils, the recovery of the added bisphenol A was 97.5-110.3%, recovery of the added 4-octylphenol was 64.4-87.4%, and that of 4-nonylphenol was 68.2-89.3%. This sensitive method was then applied to real vegetable oil samples from Zhejiang Province of China, and none of the target compounds were detected.

Establishment of rapid, sensitive, and quantitative liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry method coupled with liquid–liquid extraction for measurement of urinary bisphenol A, 4‐t‐octylphenol, and 4‐nonylphenol

“…However, the biodegradation of APEOs is a known source of 4‐NP and 4‐ t ‐OP in the environment. Furthermore, during manufacturing, a nonnegligible amount of APs is discharged into the environment 4–7 . Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Union (EU) listed 4‐ t ‐OP and 4‐NP as part of hazardous substances in 2000 8 .…”

“…In this case, there is a growing concern about EDCs, leading to a demand of sensitive and analytical tools for the determination of these compounds in multiple matrices at very low concentrations. Extensive varieties of analytical strategies using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid‐phase extraction (SPE) techniques and high‐technology equipment such as liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), LC–UV detection, LC–fluorescence detection, LC‐photodiode array‐MS, gas chromatography (GC)–MS, and GC–MS/MS for the determination of EDCs in biological matrices have been reported 5–7,11–19 …”

“…manufacturing, a nonnegligible amount of APs is discharged into the environment. [4][5][6][7] Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Union (EU) listed 4-t-OP and 4-NP as part of hazardous substances in 2000. 8 Then, a reduction strategy was applied for 4-NP in the EU in 2003.…”

“…Extensive varieties of analytical strategies using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques and high-technology equipment such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), LC-UV detection, LC-fluorescence detection, LC-photodiode array-MS, gas chromatography (GC)-MS, and GC-MS/MS for the determination of EDCs in biological matrices have been reported. [5][6][7][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The aim of the present study was to establish a rapid, sensitive, and easy extraction and LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS method for the simultaneous and quantitative analysis of BPA, 4-t-OP, and 4-NP levels in human urine samples for investigating the potential endocrine disrupter effects of BPA, 4-t-OP, and 4-NP. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, stability, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), and matrix effect (ME).…”

Simultaneous determination of nine bisphenol migrations in products related to sanitary and safety of drinking water by auto-solid phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detector

“…The results of in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that bisphenol analogues (BPs) have carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic capabilities and they might cause considerable damage to male and female reproductive systems [11][12][13][14]. The major sources of human exposure to bisphenol analogues were foodstuffs, drinking containers, tap water, water pipes and food packaging materials [7,8,15,16]. It is worth noting that bisphenol analogues could result in indirect contamination of drinking water and foodstuffs by migrating from plastic Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https ://doi.org/10.1007/s4245 2-020-2241-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.…”