Istanbul Grand Bazaar Evacuation System Vulnerability Assessment

Abstract

The Grand Bazaar is a historical trade centre more than 500 years in the historical peninsula of Istanbul, Turkey. It consists of almost 3,600 small shops from different sectors (such as jewellery, carpet, leather, souvenir, finance, restaurant, café, confection etc.), two Bedesten, 64 street and 16 Han (inn) buildings. The Bazaar has 21 main gates that open to different streets and have different relation with outside. More than 25000 staff work in the shops and 300-500 thousand users come to Bazaar daily depending on the season and day. The pedestrian density is changeable, depending on the place of the inner street and the type of the sector. The historical disaster records (earthquake, dated 1766 and 1894, the grand bazaar fire, dated 1954) show that there was evacuation vulnerability. The main gates (exit doors) and exit route need some rehabilitation for safety evacuation during any disaster. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Grand Bazaar’s emergency evacuation vulnerability. The evacuation vulnerability factors question the width, length and natural illumination of the evacuation route, maintenance of the roof, presence of hazardous materials, door specifications as size, material, opening direction, maintenance and difference in elevation on the route and exit area such as staircase and thresholds.

A Novel Seismic Vulnerability Assessment for the Urban Roadway by Using Interval Valued Fermatean Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

“…The Avcılar district has been the focus of research for many years, as it was severely damaged after the 1999 Izmit earthquake. While some researchers are investigating the reasons for the severe damage in Avcılar (Dalgıç, 2004;Kudo et al, 2002;Oguz et al, 2002;Tezcan et al, 2002), most researchers are concerned with risk mitigation and planning for the expected major Istanbul earthquake (Bakir et al, 2007;Eraybar, 2010;Önder et al, 2004;Yücel, 2018).…”

A holistic approach for evaluating the contribution of system performance on resilience against earthquake in historic-commercial urban fabrics

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