It's cheap to be colorful

Leutenegger, Alexandra; D’Angelo, Cecilia; Matz, Mikhail V.; Denzel, Andrea; Oswald, Franz; Salih, Anya; Nienhaus, G. Ulrich; Wiedenmann, Jörg

doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05785.x

Cited by 68 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…1a,b ). In striatal neurons, the mean lifetime was 116 ± 20 h, consistent with the longevity of other fluorescent proteins 11 . Notably, Dendra2 degradation was independent of the starting concentration ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Proteostasis of polyglutamine varies among neurons and predicts neurodegeneration

et al. 2013

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In polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, only certain neurons die, despite widespread expression of the offending protein. PolyQ expansion may induce neurodegeneration by impairing proteostasis, but protein aggregation and toxicity tend to confound conventional measurements of protein stability. Here, we used optical pulse labeling to measure effects of polyQ expansions on the mean lifetime of a fragment of huntingtin, the protein that causes Huntington's disease, in living neurons. We show that polyQ expansion reduced the mean lifetime of mutant huntingtin within a given neuron and that the mean lifetime varied among neurons, indicating differences in their capacity to clear the polypeptide. We found that neuronal longevity is predicted by the mean lifetime of huntingtin, as cortical neurons cleared mutant huntingtin faster and lived longer than striatal neurons. Thus, cell type–specific differences in turnover capacity may contribute to cellular susceptibility to toxic proteins, and efforts to bolster proteostasis in Huntington's disease, such as protein clearance, could be neuroprotective.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Proteostasis of polyglutamine varies among neurons and predicts neurodegeneration

et al. 2013

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“…The scleractinian coral A. yongei used in this experiment produces proteins that fluoresce exclusively in green (GFPs) (Roth et al, 2010; Roth, Goericke & Deheyn, 2012). GFPs are ubiquitous in scleractinian corals (Alieva et al, 2008; Gruber et al, 2008; Salih et al, 2000) and can constitute a significant portion of their total protein content (Leutenegger et al, 2007). Although there is currently no consensus on the physiological function/s of these proteins in corals, previous studies have demonstrated the potential to use GFPs as an indicator of health of the organism (Roth & Deheyn, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations on physiology and fluorescence of hermatypic corals and benthic algae

Haas

Smith

Thompson

et al. 2014

PeerJ

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While shifts from coral to seaweed dominance have become increasingly common on coral reefs and factors triggering these shifts successively identified, the primary mechanisms involved in coral-algae interactions remain unclear. Amongst various potential mechanisms, algal exudates can mediate increases in microbial activity, leading to localized hypoxic conditions which may cause coral mortality in the direct vicinity. Most of the processes likely causing such algal exudate induced coral mortality have been quantified (e.g., labile organic matter release, increased microbial metabolism, decreased dissolved oxygen availability), yet little is known about how reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations affect competitive dynamics between seaweeds and corals. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of different levels of oxygen including hypoxic conditions on a common hermatypic coral Acropora yongei and the common green alga Bryopsis pennata. Specifically, we examined how photosynthetic oxygen production, dark and daylight adapted quantum yield, intensity and anatomical distribution of the coral innate fluorescence, and visual estimates of health varied with differing background oxygen conditions. Our results showed that the algae were significantly more tolerant to extremely low oxygen concentrations (2–4 mg L−1) than corals. Furthermore corals could tolerate reduced oxygen concentrations, but only until a given threshold determined by a combination of exposure time and concentration. Exceeding this threshold led to rapid loss of coral tissue and mortality. This study concludes that hypoxia may indeed play a significant role, or in some cases may even be the main cause, for coral tissue loss during coral-algae interaction processes.

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“…FPs contribute to the vivid coloration of corals (Dove et al, 2001; Oswald et al, 2007). Corals synthesize high concentrations of FPs and are ubiquitous in shallow reef-building corals (Salih et al, 2000; Leutenegger et al, 2007) as well as in mesophotic reef-building corals (Roth et al, in review).…”

Section: Photobiology Of Coralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The function of FPs remains ambiguous and controversial despite being prevalent on coral reefs as well as within corals where they make up a significant portion of the total soluble protein (Salih et al, 2000; Leutenegger et al, 2007; Roth et al, in review). The high diversity of both corals and FPs may create challenges to understanding the functions because different FPs could have unique roles in different species.…”

Section: Photobiology Of Coralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The engine of the reef: photobiology of the coralâ€“algal symbiosis

Roth¹

2014

Front. Microbiol.

267

227

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Coral reef ecosystems thrive in tropical oligotrophic oceans because of the relationship between corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae called Symbiodinium. Symbiodinium convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into organic carbon and oxygen to fuel coral growth and calcification, creating habitat for these diverse and productive ecosystems. Light is thus a key regulating factor shaping the productivity, physiology, and ecology of the coral holobiont. Similar to all oxygenic photoautotrophs, Symbiodinium must safely harvest sunlight for photosynthesis and dissipate excess energy to prevent oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is caused by environmental stressors such as those associated with global climate change, and ultimately leads to breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis known as coral bleaching. Recently, large-scale coral bleaching events have become pervasive and frequent threatening and endangering coral reefs. Because the coral–algal symbiosis is the biological engine producing the reef, the future of coral reef ecosystems depends on the ecophysiology of the symbiosis. This review examines the photobiology of the coral–algal symbiosis with particular focus on the photophysiological responses and timescales of corals and Symbiodinium. Additionally, this review summarizes the light environment and its dynamics, the vulnerability of the symbiosis to oxidative stress, the abiotic and biotic factors influencing photosynthesis, the diversity of the coral–algal symbiosis, and recent advances in the field. Studies integrating physiology with the developing “omics” fields will provide new insights into the coral–algal symbiosis. Greater physiological and ecological understanding of the coral–algal symbiosis is needed for protection and conservation of coral reefs.

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It's cheap to be colorful

Cited by 68 publications

References 41 publications

Proteostasis of polyglutamine varies among neurons and predicts neurodegeneration

Proteostasis of polyglutamine varies among neurons and predicts neurodegeneration

Effects of reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations on physiology and fluorescence of hermatypic corals and benthic algae

The engine of the reef: photobiology of the coralâ€“algal symbiosis

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