“…Therefore, sport management patents and licenses, and other sport knowledge transfer activities organized by a university's Technology Transfer Office, may be less frequently exploited by firms in their collaboration with sport management academia, presumably because only a minority of university-industry interactions is motivated by the prospect of directly-realized inventions or commercial products (e.g., D 'Este & Patel, 2007). Moreover, it seems that there are few specific inventions or products originating from sport management academia because the field is still young (e.g., Chalip, 2006;Doherty, 2012). Also, in many cases, faculty do not disclose inventions to their university (Siegel, Waldman, & Link, 2003), plus there is an unrealistic expectation from universities in regard to the feasibility and extent of commercial exploitation opportunities for university research (Clarysse, Wright, Lockett, Mustar, & Knockaert, 2007).…”