Ivermectin Treatment Coverage Validation in Two Onchocerciasis Endemic Districts in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study, 2019

Churko, Chuchu; Yihune, Manaye; Teshome, Abinet; Chisha, Yilma; Getachew, Birhanu; Sleshi, Markos; Asfaw, Mekuria Asnakew; Shibiru, Tamiru; Ayele, Nebiyu Negussu; Seife, Fikre; Zerdo, Zerihun; Kassahun, Alemayehu Bekele

doi:10.2147/jmdh.s288239

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In agreement with a recent coverage evaluation study conducted in Ethiopia [ 49 ] the survey coverage rates were 85.5% (95% CI: 83.6–87.2%) and 88.5% (95% CI: 86.7–90.1%) of the eligible population in Asosa and Yeki districts, respectively. Conversely, the current survey coverage rates were higher than the survey coverage rate reported from Foumbot and Massangam health districts inCameroon [ 45 ] and Abia state in Nigeria [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This eventually resulted in failure to offer the medication to all eligible in need [ 42 ]. Consistent with findings of the current study, participants’ absenteeism from their respective homes or village at the time of drug distribution had been identified as a major reason for missing the drug [ 42 – 44 , 49 , 56 , 57 ]. In Yeki, though present in their homes and community, 14.9% (23/154) of the ivermectin non-recipients reported that they lack information about the MDA campaign.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Interestingly, nearly all participants of the present study who were offered the drug swallowed it, revealing no considerable variation between MDA Program reach and survey coverage rate; only 0.3% of those offered in Asosa did not swallow the drug. Similar findings were reported in other recent studies conducted in Ethiopia [49].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Coverage surveys have helped identify reasons that influence participation in MDA campaigns against NTDs [51][52][53][54][55] including onchocerciasis [35,49,50] to implement tailored effective strategies to improve the program. Among the 2824 respondents from both districts, 366 individuals were not offered the drug in May 2017's drug distribution campaign, i.e., 212 and 154 persons from Asosa and Yeki districts, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of mass treatment with ivermectin program reach and survey coverage for onchocerciasis elimination in selected endemic areas of Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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Currently, national governments of onchocerciasis endemic African countries are working towards the elimination of the disease using mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin as a primary strategy. Attainment of this goal requires implementation of prolonged high MDA coverage in all endemic areas, and vigilant monitoring and evaluation of the program. This study was thus conducted with the purpose of i) providing estimate of ivermectin coverage, ii) validating the MDA coverage reported through community drug distributors (CDDs), iii) determining the factors associated with MDA coverage, and iv) estimating the difference between MDA program reach and survey coverage rates following MDA campaign carried out in May 2017 in Asosa and Yeki districts in Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,824 study participants in Asosa and Yeki districts. A total of 50 kebeles (smallest administrative units) were randomly selected from the two districts. A systematic sampling was employed to select study households from the 50 kebeles. Then, a household member was randomly selected for the interview. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the odds ratio and to observe the associations between the MDA survey coverage and the variables used. Eighty-seven percent (2458/2824) of the respondents from both districts responded that they were offered ivermectin during the May 2017 MDA campaign. At the district level, 1182 individuals from Yeki and 1276 from Asosa, received the drug, that indicate 88.5% and 85.8% MDA program reach in Yeki and Assosa districts, respectively. Whereas, a total of 366 individuals were not offered ivermectin in both study districts. Of these, 47(12.8%), 143(39.1%), and 176(48.1%) did not receive the drug because of program implementation-related reasons, ineligibility criteria, and personal issues, respectively. Of the 1488 and 1336 respondents in Asosa and Yeki, 1272 and 1182 participants took the drug, resulting in survey coverage rate of 85.5% (95% CI: 83.6–87.2%) and 88.5% (95% CI: 86.7–90.1%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed significantly low survey coverage rate in females (AOR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3–0.6; p<0.001) and in those whose age ranges between 15–24 years (AOR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3–0.8; p = 0.007) and 25–34 years (AOR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3–0.9; p = 0.021) in Asosa. The researchers believe that the current study generated operational evidence on MDA program reach and coverage rates in two study districts in Ethiopia. The survey coverages were lower than the recommended 90% minimum threshold for success. Only Yeki district reached the 90% threshold survey coverage. Both districts had reported higher coverages than the survey estimates (even outside the 95% CI), thus, were not validated. The majority (60.9%) of the reasons for not receiving the drug were related to program implementation and recipients`personal issues. Efforts must therefore be directed to enhance MDA coverage in future rounds via proper MDA planning and implementation, such as allocating adequate time to the MDA activities, health education, and mobilizing of all segments of the population, including adolescents and the youth. The researchers also recommend such studies to be extended to other MDA programs for other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of mass treatment with ivermectin program reach and survey coverage for onchocerciasis elimination in selected endemic areas of Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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“…Although targets for sustainable development include at least 4.45 trained health professionals per 1,000 population, many sub-Saharan Africa regions fell below the WHO guideline in which the minimum threshold level for greater accessibility of critical services and to minimize the risk of infection as a result of work overload is 2.3 health workers per 1000 population. 35…”

Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Onchocerciasis Infection in the Sub-Saharan Africa Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Debela¹,

Kassa²,

Mokonnon³

2021

IJMEDPH

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Background: Findings from many African countries show that the prevalence of onchocerciasis infection is fragmented and in a wide range. Clear and organized evidence that showed the prevalence is limited. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled prevalence of onchocerciasis infection in the sub-Saharan African Countries. Methods: Published articles found in Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched. Based on the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was employed to determine the prevalence for onchocerciasis infection among peoples of all age groups in Africa. Observational studies from 1 January 2015 to 10 February 2021 revealed the prevalence of onchocerciasis in the sub-Saharan African countries was incorporated. The pooled prevalence of the studies was computed using STATA version 14 statistical software. The heterogeneity of the study was assessed using Cochrane Q test statistics, the I-squared values test, and the Galbraith plot. Considering within and between variability, the randomeffect model was used to determine the pooled prevalence. Funnel plot and egger's tests were conducted to assess publication bias. Results: Out of 1985 accessed studies, 17 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included to estimate the pooled prevalence of onchocerciasis infection. The pooled prevalence of onchocerciasis was 30% (95% CI: 13, 47) in sub-Saharan Africa. Thirty-two percent (95% CI: 9, 56)) and 28% (95% CI: 2, 54) of onchocerciasis infection were identified from the study conducted before 2015 and after 2015, respectively, based on the subgroup analysis. The prevalence of onchocerciasis among farmers and housewives was 35% (95% CI: 12, 58), 18% (95% CI: 10, 27), respectively. Conclusion: Onchocerciasis is still of immense public health importance. Hence, the local government and other stakeholders should implement rigorous and comprehensive onchocerciasis prevention strategies such as improved sanitation, vector control, mass drug administration campaigns, and multifaceted methods based on their context.

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Burden of neglected tropical diseases and access to medicine and diagnostics in Ethiopia: a scoping review

et al. 2023

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Background More than 1.7 billion people are affected by neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) worldwide. Forty percent of the NTD-affected people live in Africa with the poorest, most vulnerable, and hard to reach geographical areas. The NTDs cause significant social and economic burden and deepen marginalization and stigmatization. The World Health Organization’s current roadmap for NTD aims to prevent, control, eliminate, or eradicate 20 tropical diseases. Ethiopia experiences a high burden of these diseases, but current access to diagnostics, medicine, and/or care has been little explored to inform the country’s NTD strategic plan. The overall purpose of the scoping review was to map and characterize the burden of NTDs and challenges in access to diagnostics, medicine, and/or care in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic search of evidence was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from January 2000 until May 2022, without restrictions of language or study design. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review was followed for screening of studies. Key findings were extracted and narrated qualitatively. Results The search resulted in 4532 articles, of which 105 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the scoping review under three themes: burden of NTDs, access to diagnostics, medicine and/or care, and key barriers. Although gains have been made in the prevention and control of NTDs in Ethiopia, the burden remains high, and progress in access to diagnostics, medicine/drugs, and/or care is very slow. Poverty, poor quality of life, and underfunding of NTD programs decelerate the process of NTD elimination program in the country. Conclusions The scoping review identified a considerable number of studies on the burden of NTDs in Ethiopia and strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and/or care; however, there is a paucity of evidence on the suitability and potential benefits of novel diagnostic technologies and medicines in the country. A regular review and analysis of such country-level evidence is important to inform the country NTDs roadmap and local implementation strategies.

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Ivermectin Treatment Coverage Validation in Two Onchocerciasis Endemic Districts in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study, 2019

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of mass treatment with ivermectin program reach and survey coverage for onchocerciasis elimination in selected endemic areas of Ethiopia

Evaluation of mass treatment with ivermectin program reach and survey coverage for onchocerciasis elimination in selected endemic areas of Ethiopia

Prevalence of Onchocerciasis Infection in the Sub-Saharan Africa Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Burden of neglected tropical diseases and access to medicine and diagnostics in Ethiopia: a scoping review

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