Ivory wave: the next mephedrone?

Durham, Mark A.

doi:10.1136/emj.2011.112920

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The auditory hallucinations, paranoia, hyperactivity, and decreased need for sleep that this patient experienced a few hours after self‐injection with bath salts have been described in the literature previously. Although the suicidal ideation and gesture were uncertain in this present case, there were previous reports in the literature of suicide attempts and one report of completed suicide by a young male who was abusing bath salts . Another important key in interpreting the presented data is the fact that the acute psychosis subsided within a few hours after the injection of the causal substance without any pharmacological intervention and did not relapse within the next few days…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Acute Psychosis Induced by Bath Salts: A Case Report with Clinical and Forensic Implications

Stoica

Felthous

2013

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Bath salts are new designer drugs with stimulant effects on the central nervous system. White or brown powder sold online and in mini-marts under different brand names, bath salts can be used by injecting, snorting, smoking, or ingesting with food or drink. The case of a 30-year-old Caucasian male who developed acute psychosis within a few hours of injecting himself with bath salts is described. The patient was hospitalized with a complaint of hearing voices. The drug also induced in the patient a state of euphoria, increased energy level, along with decreased need for sleep and decreased appetite. The psychological effects of the bath salts subsided within a few hours of injection and his reality testing remained consistently intact over the next 3 days of hospitalization. This case brings to attention the fact that bath salts were legal throughout the United States until recently and is still not completely controlled. This report informs clinicians of harmful effects of bath salts, including severe agitation with possible rhabdomyolysis, psychosis, suicidal ideation, hypertension, tachycardia, and death.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Acute Psychosis Induced by Bath Salts: A Case Report with Clinical and Forensic Implications

Stoica

Felthous

2013

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…The pharmacological profile of the pipradrol derivatives was very similar to the pyrovalerone cathinones MDPV and naphyrone that were characterized in the same assays [4], although naphyrone also inhibits the SERT. MDPV and naphyrone rather than 2-DPMP have been found in some samples of "ivory wave" [72]. Similar to MDPV [4] and naphyrone [73], 2-DPMP and D2PM are highly lipophilic.…”

Section: Pipradrol Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pharmacological profiles of aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives

Simmler

Rickli

Schramm

et al. 2014

Biochemical Pharmacology

108

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Aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives are novel psychoactive substances found in "Ecstasy" tablets as replacements for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or substances sold as "ivory wave." The pharmacology of these MDMA-and methylphenidate-like substances is poorly known. We characterized the pharmacology of the aminoindanes 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (MDAI), 5-iodoaminoindane (5-IAI), and 2-aminoindane (2-AI), the piperazines meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), and 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP), and the BZP, D2PM, and 2-DPMP lacked serotonergic activity and TAAR 1 binding, in contrast to the aminoindanes and phenylpiperazines. In summary, all of the substances were monoamine transporter inhibitors, but marked differences were found in their 3 DAT vs. SERT inhibition profiles, release properties, and receptor interactions. The pharmacological profiles of D2PM and 2-DPMP likely predict a high abuse liability.

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“…7 Some of these novel drugs pose a significant health threat and numerous fatalities have been reported worldwide. [8][9][10] In particular, PMMA and the NBOMe drugs have been associated with severe clinical toxicity and fatalities in Hong Kong. 6,7 Effective diagnosis and treatment of emerging DOA intoxication rely on the timely and accurate detection of these substances.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of emerging drugs of abuse in Hong Kong: validation of an analytical tools

Tang¹,

Ching²,

Tse³

et al. 2015

Hong Kong Med J

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Ivory wave: the next mephedrone?

Abstract: Ivory wave's popularity seems to be growing and it seems quite plausible that this drug could become 'the next mephedrone'. Clinicians should be aware of its likely presentations, dangers, and management.

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Acute Psychosis Induced by Bath Salts: A Case Report with Clinical and Forensic Implications

Acute Psychosis Induced by Bath Salts: A Case Report with Clinical and Forensic Implications

Pharmacological profiles of aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives

Surveillance of emerging drugs of abuse in Hong Kong: validation of an analytical tools

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