Ixodid and Argasid Ticks

Dantas‐Torres, Filipe; Otranto, Domenico

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818731-9.00013-6

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Among the tick families, i.e., hard ticks (Ixodidae), soft ticks (Argasidae), and Nuttalliellidae, Ixodidae is the most prominent family, including genera like Amblyomma , Haemaphysalis , Ixodes , Rhipicephalus , etc., and over 700 species worldwide ( Brites-Neto et al, 2015 ; Dantas-Torres and Otranto, 2022 ). Ixodes persulcatus ( Figure 1A ) distribution has been reported in north-eastern Europe, some parts of Russia, China, Korea etc.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical distribution and pathogenesis of ticks and tick-borne viral diseases

Shah

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Ticks are obligatory hematophagous arthropods that harbor and transmit infectious pathogens to humans and animals. Tick species belonging to Amblyomma, Ixodes, Dermacentor, and Hyalomma genera may transmit certain viruses such as Bourbon virus (BRBV), Dhori virus (DHOV), Powassan virus (POWV), Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV), Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Heartland virus (HRTV), Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV), etc. that affect humans and certain wildlife. The tick vectors may become infected through feeding on viraemic hosts before transmitting the pathogen to humans and animals. Therefore, it is vital to understand the eco-epidemiology of tick-borne viruses and their pathogenesis to optimize preventive measures. Thus this review summarizes knowledge on some medically important ticks and tick-borne viruses, including BRBV, POWV, OHFV, CTFV, CCHFV, HRTV, and KFDV. Further, we discuss these viruses’ epidemiology, pathogenesis, and disease manifestations during infection.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical distribution and pathogenesis of ticks and tick-borne viral diseases

Shah

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) are ectoparasitic arthropods that have a wide distribution, occupying all six zoogeographic regions, mainly in the tropics [1]. Currently, more than 900 species are known globally, with around 70 found in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Commercial Insect Repellents Provide Protection against the Tick Amblyomma sculptum (Acari: Ixodidae)?

de Barcelos,

Coelho,

Santos

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Amblyomma sculptum is a species of public health interest because it is associated with the transmission of the bacteria that causes Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF). The use of repellents on humans is a prophylactic measure widely used to provide protection against a series of arthropod vectors, including mosquitoes and ticks. However, in Brazil, the effectiveness of commercial repellents against A. sculptum is little known. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out specific studies to evaluate the repellency of these commercial products, registered for use against mosquitoes, against the star tick. The main goal of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of six commercial repellents against A. sculptum. Unfed nymphs, aged between two and eight weeks, were tested against products based on DEET (OFF!® and Repelex®), Icaridin (Exposis® and SBP®), and IR3535 (Johnsons and Henlau). Three bioassays were conducted to evaluate tick behavior: (i) filter paper, (ii) fingertip, and (iii) field. All bases tested showed high repellent activity, differing significantly (p < 0.05) from the control. It was observed the formulation with DEET resulted in the best results in the filter paper bioassay. In the fingertip bioassay, the DEET base repelled a greater number of ticks compared to Icaridin. In the field bioassay, there was no significant difference between the Icaridin base and DEET, and both formulations differed from the control (p < 0.05). The six formulations tested showed significant percentages of repellency against ticks; however, for the fingertip and field bioassays, the products OFF!®, Repelex®, and Exposis® were tested as they showed better performance in the filter paper test. OFF!® showed the best percentage of repellency (100%), followed by Repelex® (96.8%), and Exposis® (93.1%), considering the two-hour period of the bioassay-field-test. Proving the effectiveness of repellents on the market against A. sculptum presented in this study is crucial, since this is the main ectoparasite of humans that can transmit Rickettsia rickettsii when infected. The effectiveness of commercial insect repellents against other tick species that parasitize humans can also be explored.

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“…The presence of suitable vertebrate hosts is one of the driving forces determining tick survival in a region and subsequent circulation of tick-borne pathogens ( 1 ). From the perspective of host-preference, ticks can be characterized as either host generalists or specialists ( 2 ). Most tick species of veterinary and medical interest are host generalists, with the potential for transmitting tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) to a wide range of hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borrelia spirochetes in European exotic farm animals

et al. 2022

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Ticks transmit a broad spectrum of pathogens, threatening both animal and human health. Tick survival and proliferation are strongly dependent on host selection and suitability. The hard tick Ixodes ricinus, which is widespread throughout most of Europe, is a host generalist capable of feeding on many different vertebrate species. Pasture-kept exotic farm animals may be at a high risk for tick and tick-borne pathogens infestations but research characterizing this is currently lacking. This study focused on the detection of Borrelia spirochetes (including Borrelia miyamotoi) in exotic farm animals. Using nested-PCR with Borrelia-specific primers, 121 serum samples from 54 exotic farm animals of several species bred in four different farms in Bohemia and Moravia (Czechia) were tested. Positive samples were sequenced for the identification of Borrelia species. The prevalence of Borrelia DNA in the samples ranged from 13 to 67%, depending on the sampling site. The sequencing results confirmed the DNA presence of multiple spirochete species from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. Only one sample from an ostrich (Struthio camelus) was found to be positive for Borrelia myiamotoi. The results show that exotic farm animals can serve as hosts for hard ticks and can be infected by Borrelia spirochetes, transmitted by hard ticks. Therefore, these animals could play a relevant role in maintaining Borrelia spirochetes in nature.

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Ixodid and Argasid Ticks

Cited by 9 publications

References 158 publications

Geographical distribution and pathogenesis of ticks and tick-borne viral diseases

Geographical distribution and pathogenesis of ticks and tick-borne viral diseases

Do Commercial Insect Repellents Provide Protection against the Tick Amblyomma sculptum (Acari: Ixodidae)?

Borrelia spirochetes in European exotic farm animals

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