Jacaranda oil administration improves serum biomarkers and bioavailability of bioactive conjugated fatty acids, and alters fatty acid profile of mice tissues

Abstract

Jacaric acid, a conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) present in jacaranda oil (JO), is considered a potent anticarcinogenic agent. Several studies have focused on its biological effects, but the metabolism once consumed is not clear yet. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of two different daily doses of JO on serum parameters and fatty acid (FA) profile of mice tissues after 4 weeks of feeding. No significant changes on body weight gain, food intake, or tissue weight were determined after 0.7 or 2 ml/kg of JO supplementation compared to control animals. Significantly lower blood low‐density lipoproteins‐cholesterol (20 mg/dl) and glucose (~147–148 mg/dl) levels were detected in both oil‐treated groups compared to control (31.2 and 165 mg/dl, respectively). Moreover, jacaric acid was partially converted into cis9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and thus further incorporated into tissues. Liver evidenced the highest total conjugated fatty acid content (1.1%–2.2%), followed by epididymal (0.7%–1.9%) and mesenteric (1.4%–1.8%) fat. Lower saturated and higher unsaturated fatty acid content was detected in both oil‐treated groups compared to control. Our results support the safety of JO and its potential application with a functional or nutraceutical propose, by increasing human CLNA consumption and further availability of CLA.

Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLnA) vs Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): A Comprehensive Review of Potential Advantages in Molecular Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Production Techniques

“…Various CLnA isomers are believed to play a role in regulating cholesterol levels. For example, the PA from different sources can effectively lower total cholesterol or LDL+VLDL cholesterol levels. , Similarly, the JA and α-ESA are also reported to regulate healthy lipoprotein levels. ,− In addition, hyperlipidemia is considered a high risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, and PA can improve dyslipidemia by reducing blood TG concentration and TG:HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio . Comparing CLnA isomers in cholesterol and lipids regulation, α-ESA has shown better regulatory effects than PA .…”

Microbial Conjugated Linolenic Acid-Enriched Fermented Milk Using Lipase-Hydrolyzed Flaxseed Oil: Biochemical, Organoleptic and Storage Traits

“…However, these amounts are not high enough to cause any beneficial effect, based on the recommended intake of an effective dose of 2–3 g/day [ 5 ]. The CLNA isomers can mainly be found in different vegetable oils, like jacaranda (up to 32.2 g/100 g FA) [ 6 ], bitter melon (up to 52.3 g/100 g FA) [ 7 ] or pomegranate (up to 80.7 g/100 g FA) [ 8 ] seed oils. Nevertheless, due to safety concerns, most of these vegetable oils cannot be commercialized for human consumption.…”