Jamming and jamming mitigation for selected 5G military scenarios

Skokowski, Pawel; Kelner, Jan M.; Malon, Krzysztof; Mašlanka, K.; Birutis, Agnius; Vázquez, Miguel A.; Saha, Souradip; Low, Warren; Czapiewska, Agnieszka; Magiera, Jarosław; Rajchowski, Piotr; Ambroziak, Slawomir J.

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2022.09.027

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The proposed solution was compared with the test results for other types of jamming. This practical trial testifies to the paper's originality because most of the works in the literature are focused on theoretical or simulation considerations [6]- [8], [45].…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…This approach results from the fact that PBCH is used in smart jamming, e.g. [19], [24], [26]. The effectiveness of this detection method is confirmed and assessed based on numerical analysis.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The first works in the field of 5G jamming focused mainly on theoretical analysis [21]- [23]. This results from the signal structure of the 5G-NR standard and jamming techniques used in LTE and older generation networks, what can be seen in the surveys of 5G jamming methods [19], [24]- [27], and this is additionally consistent with the classification of the techniques used in LTE [28]- [31]. This convergence also results from the similarities in the physical layer, mostly due to the application of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technique in both generations of mobile networks.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enormous attractiveness and effectiveness of the 5G system utilizing modern technologies is recognized by various vendors of military communication equipment and international defence bodies such as European Defence Agency (EDA) [4], North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Communications and Information Agency (NCIA) [5], NATO Science and Technology Organisation (NATO STO) [6]. Different use cases of the 5G technologies (including the Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) radio interface) are considered for military applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the analysis of the civilian 3GPP standard indicates numerous technological gaps that ought to be fixed before it can be used for military purposes [4]. A crucial issue is to increase its resilience to jamming which may occur during military operations [6]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical Trial for Low-Energy Effective Jamming on Private Networks With 5G-NR and NB-IoT Radio Interfaces

Skokowski,

Malon,

Kryk

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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under project no. UGB/22-863/2023/WAT on "Modern technologies of wireless communication and emitter localization in various system applications."ABSTRACT Fourth-generation (4G) mobile networks are successively replaced by fifth-generation (5G) ones, based on the new releases of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard. 5G generation is dedicated to civilian users and the conducted analytical work shows that it has numerous technological gaps that prevent its direct implementation in military communications systems. However, the recent armed world conflicts showed that closed or public mobile networks are willingly used by soldiers for both private and business communications, and to conduct defensive and offensive operations as well. From the military operation viewpoint, jamming both civil and military systems is one of the essential elements of electronic warfare. This paper focuses on the practical trial of low-energy and smart jamming on a 5G private network using narrowband signals, which facilitates the reduction of the available throughput, e.g. in the time division duplex -uplink (TDD-UL) by 99%, or by 82% in the frequency division duplex -downlink (FDD-DL). This type of jamming also allows for reaching up to 25 dB of energy gain comparing to barrage jamming. The authors moreover investigated jamming the Narrowband IoT radio interface using synchronized, selective jamming. The goal was to propose energy efficient methods that will allow the jammers to work longer and be mounted on a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can operate near the gNB. The generation of low-power jamming signals in the gNB vicinity successfully hinders detecting the jammer by the enemy's electronic reconnaissance systems. The proposed solutions are compared with the test results for other types of jamming methods.INDEX TERMS Electronic warfare, low-energy jamming, narrowband jamming, NB-IoT, 5G private network, smart jamming.

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Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 75%