“…Since then, research on Janus nanoparticles has been thriving, and they have received considerable attention due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties [ 8 ]. Different techniques such as masking, bottom-up assemblies, and controlled phase separation have been employed to synthesize Janus nanoparticles [ 9 , 10 ], and various Janus architectures have been created, such as cylindrical-shaped [ 11 ], dumbbell-shaped with asymmetric or snowman characters [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], mushroom-shaped [ 18 , 19 ], bowl-like [ 20 , 21 ], crescent-shaped [ 22 , 23 ], and half-raspberry-shaped structures [ 24 ]. Among these, dumbbell-like nanoparticles, as a prominent subset of Janus nanoparticles, have attracted significant interest due to their unique structure and excellent performance in various application domains, including drug delivery, catalysis, sensing, and advanced materials.…”