Jaw muscle (EMG) activity and amplitude scaling of jaw movements during eating in pigeon (Columba livia)

Bout, Ron G.; Zeigler, H. Philip

doi:10.1007/bf00191709

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This result is consistent with Zweers' (Zweers, 1974) electromyography data for mallard feeding showing the protractor quadrati to be active slightly before the jaw depressor muscles. Bout and Zeigler (Bout and Zeigler, 1994) observed in the pigeon that upper bill elevation occurs before mandibular depression, but protractor quadrati activation does not always precede depressor mandibulae activation. They proposed that the protractor quadrati muscle may 'unlock' the lower bill by moving the quadrate forward and upward, thus slacking the postorbital ligament.…”

Section: Coupled Kinesismentioning

confidence: 90%

Kinematics of the quadrate bone during feeding in mallard ducks

Dawson

Metzger

Baier

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAvian cranial kinesis, in which mobility of the quadrate, pterygoid and palatine bones contribute to upper bill elevation, is believed to occur in all extant birds. The most widely accepted model for upper bill elevation is that the quadrate rotates rostrally and medially towards the pterygoid, transferring force to the mobile pterygoid-palatine complex, which pushes on the upper bill. Until now, however, it has not been possible to test this hypothesis in vivo because quadrate motions are rapid, three-dimensionally complex and not visible externally. Here we use a new in vivo X-ray motion analysis technique, X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM), to create precise (±0.06mm) 3-D animations of the quadrate, braincase, upper bill and mandible of three mallard ducks, Anas platyrhynchos. We defined a joint coordinate system (JCS) for the quadrato-squamosal joint with the axes aligned to the anatomical planes of the skull. In this coordinate system, the quadrate's 3-D rotations produce an elliptical path of pterygoid process motion, with medial and rostrodorsal then lateral and rostrodorsal motion as the upper bill elevates. As the upper bill depresses, the pterygoid process continues along the ellipsoidal path, with lateral and caudoventral then medial and caudoventral motion. We also found that the mandibular rami bow outwards (streptognathy) during mandibular depression, which may cause the lateral component of quadrate rotation that we observed. Relative to the JCS aligned with the anatomical planes of the skull, a second JCS aligned with quadrato-squamosal joint anatomy did not produce a simpler description of quadrate kinematics. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Coupled Kinesismentioning

confidence: 90%

Kinematics of the quadrate bone during feeding in mallard ducks

Dawson

Metzger

Baier

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Drinking was photographed from the side (at 128 fps), but used to provide qualitative information only (see Discussion). The EMG and kinematic recording procedures are described in detail in the preceding paper (Bout and Zeigler 1994). For all birds, jaw movements were monitored using a beak-mounted magnetosensitive transducer which produced a continuous record of variations in gape (interbeak distance).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in eating (Bout and Zeigler 1994), the lower jaw must be "unlocked" prior to its movement. In subsequent cycles, this "unlocking" must be maintained.…”

Section: Biomechanical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the amplitude scaling of gape size to seed size which characterizes eating (Bout and Zeigler 1994), drinking involves the repetitive generation of a series of Abbreviations: AMEM, adductor mandibulae externus muscle; DM, depressor mandibulae muscle; EMG, electromyographic; PQP, protractor quadrati et pterygoidei muscle; PTP, pseudotemporalis profundus muscle; PVL/PVM, pterygoideus ventralis muscle, pars lateralis and medialis Correspondence to: either author jaw opening and closing movements, with a relatively constant gape. Drinking begins with a period of head descent, during which the jaws are closed, and which terminates on contact with the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drinking behavior and jaw muscle (EMG) activity in the pigeon (Columba livia)

Bout

Zeigler

1994

J Comp Physiol A

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The relation between jaw movements and jaw muscle activity was examined during two different types of drinking in pigeons: "tip" and "rictus" drinking. The amplitude and duration of jaw opening is greater for "rictus" than for "tip" drinking, but both types involve individual cycles of jaw-opening and closing movements, organized into bouts. Cycle duration increases gradually over the initial portion of the bout and is relatively constant thereafter.Each drinking cycle is composed of an initial rapid jaw-opening component, a sustained opening phase of variable duration and a closing movement. The initial and final phases are related, respectively, to activity in the upper beak levator (protractor) and the jaw closer (adductor, pterygoid) muscles. The amplitude and duration of the sustained phase are correlated with the magnitude and duration of activity in the lower jaw opener (depressor). The kinematic and electromyographic organization of jaw movements during drinking is discussed in relation to the morphology of the jaw apparatus and the functional requirements of the behavior.

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“…Movement [Klein et al, 1985] and EMG analyses [Bout and Zeigler, 1994a] provide experimental evidence for the kinematic hypotheses discussed. The main differences in the motor patterns for grasping, stationing and intraoral transport are the presence or absence of an upper jaw opener burst, and the presence of adductor muscle activity ( fig.¤4).…”

Section: Jaw Mechanics Of the Pigeon: A Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Movement Patterns: Modifiability and Constraints

Rg¹

1998

Cells Tissues Organs

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Most behaviours involve complex morphological systems and vice versa morphological systems are used by the organism in many different ways. During evolution and ontogeny changes in kinematics and function of skeletal and muscular systems must be coordinated with changes in their neural control. Neuromotor patterns are sometimes believed to be conserved in evolution, leading to diversification at the level of musculoskeletal design. Vertebrate motor patterns used in feeding are reviewed to examine this hypothesis. Stereotyped behaviour is not necessarily the result of phylogenetic constraints but may also result from the functional demands imposed by the mechanics of the jaw apparatus and the nature of the task performed. Sensory feedback and descending control not only contribute to ‘online’ control of movement but also shape the development of motor patterns and learning behaviour and indicate a potentially large flexibility. The neural and sensory apparatus that produces this flexibility will be subject to evolutionary modification. In the absence of a demand for flexibility motor patterns may become stereotyped in some species, while they are very flexible in others. To the extent that morphological systems perform independent movements during different behaviours, separate basic motor patterns may be required, which may be coordinated in different ways.

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Jaw muscle (EMG) activity and amplitude scaling of jaw movements during eating in pigeon (Columba livia)

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Kinematics of the quadrate bone during feeding in mallard ducks

Kinematics of the quadrate bone during feeding in mallard ducks

Drinking behavior and jaw muscle (EMG) activity in the pigeon (Columba livia)

Complex Movement Patterns: Modifiability and Constraints

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