“…Diverse structures such as cell membranes [ 1 , 2 ], supramolecules [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], and protein complexes [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] are formed via multiple non-covalent interactions between adjacent molecules that occur due to their chemical nature. Recently, electrostatic self-assembly has emerged as one of the most facile approaches for fabricating such synthetic particles in aqueous solution [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. This process is mainly driven by thermodynamics [ 15 , 16 ]; however, kinetics is also found to be an essential factor in structural manipulation [ 17 ].…”