Joubert`S syndrome

Shah, RR; Agarwal, Harshit; Banuprakash, S; Shah, Bhavan; Shah, Jigna S

doi:10.4103/0971-3026.32342

Cited by 18 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…[34,58,63,64,[72][73][74] may have minimized these effects. However, the aim of this study was to mimic the realworld clinical situation of surgical drilling into human long bones [5,68], as well as the way in which human and artificial long bones are typically drilled in orthopedic fracture fixation [14][15][16][17][18]20,46,48,75,76] and surgical drilling [25,[27][28][29][30]32,36,38] studies. Thus, the current use of complete bone segments cut directly from the femoral diaphysis was the appropriate approach.…”

Section: Journal Of Biomechanjcal Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, no researchers have directly compared surgical drilling into human versus artificial long bones manufactured by Sawbones (Vashon, WA) [42]. These surrogates are being increasingly used in biomechanical assessment of fracture fixation devices [6,[14][15][16][17]19,[22][23][24]. Although artificial long bones have been compared to human specimens for axial stiffness, torsional stiffness, cortical screw pullout stress, cancellous screw pullout stress, cortical screw stripping torque, and femoral condylar stiffness and strength [43^9], a comparison of surgical drilling in human versus artificial long bone has not been performed yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical Measurements of Surgical Drilling Force and Torque in Human Versus Artificial Femurs

MacAvelia¹,

Salahi

Olsen³

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Few experimental studies have examined surgical drilling in human bone, and no studies have inquired into this aspect for a popular commercially-available artificial bone used in biomechanical studies. Sixteen fresh-frozen human femurs and five artificial femurs were obtained. Cortical specimens were mounted into a clamping system equipped with a thrust force and torque transducer. Using a CNC machine, unicortical holes were drilled in each specimen at 1000 rpm, 1250 rpm, and 1500 rpm with a 3.2 mm diameter surgical drill bit. Feed rate was 120 mm/min. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Force at increasing spindle speed (1000 rpm, 1250 rpm, and 1500 rpm), respectively, showed a range for human femurs (198.4 ± 14.2 N, 180.6 ± 14.0 N, and 176.3 ± 11.2 N) and artificial femurs (87.2 ± 19.3 N, 82.2 ± 11.2 N, and 75.7 ± 8.8 N). For human femurs, force at 1000 rpm was greater than at other speeds (p ≤ 0.018). For artificial femurs, there was no speed effect on force (p ≥ 0.991). Torque at increasing spindle speed (1000 rpm, 1250 rpm, and 1500 rpm), respectively, showed a range for human femurs (186.3 ± 16.9 N·mm, 157.8 ± 16.1 N·mm, and 140.2 ± 16.4 N·mm) and artificial femurs (67.2 ± 8.4 N·mm, 61.0 ± 2.9 N·mm, and 53.3 ± 2.9 N·mm). For human femurs, torque at 1000 rpm was greater than at other speeds (p < 0.001). For artificial femurs, there was no difference in torque for 1000 rpm versus higher speeds (p ≥ 0.228), and there was only a borderline difference between the higher speeds (p = 0.046). Concerning human versus artificial femurs, their behavior was different at every speed (force, p ≤ 0.001; torque, p < 0.001). For human specimens at 1500 rpm, force and torque were linearly correlated with standardized bone mineral density (sBMD) and the T-score used to clinically categorize bone quality (R ≥ 0.56), but there was poor correlation with age at all speeds (R ≤ 0.37). These artificial bones fail to replicate force and torque in human cortical bone during surgical drilling. To date, this is the largest series of human long bones biomechanically tested for surgical drilling.

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Section: Journal Of Biomechanjcal Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Measurements of Surgical Drilling Force and Torque in Human Versus Artificial Femurs

MacAvelia¹,

Salahi

Olsen³

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…For instance, choosing a surrogate humérus model may not be critical for a study that assesses the relative performance between different implants or surgical techniques [16,17], but when absolute values of mechanical properties or clinically realistic failure modes are needed for devices or operative methods, then fresh-frozen humeri are preferred [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Furthermore, the absolute values currently measured may be used to develop mathematical or finite element models in order to predict human or artificial humérus behavior for in vitro studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]16,17,20,35,46,47], as well as human humeri during in vivo investigations [20,[29][30][31]35,46,47]. However, current results would not necessarily be applicable if local material properties are being examined, such as screw puUout force, screw insertion torque, screw stripping torque, surgical drilling load, implant cut-out through the humeral head, micromotion at the bone-implant interface, etc.…”

Section: Clinical and Biomechanical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on current data, outside and inside cylinder diameters at midshaft were ßo = 21.5mm and Di = 9mm, thereby yielding a polar moment of inertia of J=n(Do^ -OiV32 = 7r(0.0215 -0.009"*)/ 32 = 2.03x10"** m''. The artificial cortical bone had an £ = 16.35 GPa based on a mean of tensile and compressive moduli and v = Q3 [15,20,46,47]. The working length was L = 290mm.…”

Section: Engineering Analysis Using Classic Beam Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Measurements of Stiffness and Strength for Five Types of Whole Human and Artificial Humeri

Aziz

Nicayenzi

Crookshank

et al. 2014

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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The human humerus is the third largest longbone and experiences 2-3% of all fractures. Yet, almost no data exist on its intact biomechanical properties, thus preventing researchers from obtaining a full understanding of humerus behavior during injury and after being repaired with fracture plates and nails. The aim of this experimental study was to compare the biomechanical stiffness and strength of "gold standard" fresh-frozen humeri to a variety of humerus models. A series of five types of intact whole humeri were obtained: human fresh-frozen (n = 19); human embalmed (n = 18); human dried (n = 15); artificial "normal" (n = 12); and artificial "osteoporotic" (n = 12). Humeri were tested under "real world" clinical loading modes for shear stiffness, torsional stiffness, cantilever bending stiffness, and cantilever bending strength. After removing geometric effects, fresh-frozen results were 585.8 ± 181.5 N/mm2 (normalized shear stiffness); 3.1 ± 1.1 N/(mm2 deg) (normalized torsional stiffness); 850.8 ± 347.9 N/mm2 (normalized cantilever stiffness); and 8.3 ± 2.7 N/mm2 (normalized cantilever strength). Compared to fresh-frozen values, statistical equivalence (p ≥ 0.05) was obtained for all four test modes (embalmed humeri), 1 of 4 test modes (dried humeri), 1 of 4 test modes (artificial "normal" humeri), and 1 of 4 test modes (artificial "osteoporotic" humeri). Age and bone mineral density versus experimental results had Pearson linear correlations ranging from R = -0.57 to 0.80. About 77% of human humeri failed via a transverse or oblique distal shaft fracture, whilst 88% of artificial humeri failed with a mixed transverse + oblique fracture. To date, this is the most comprehensive study on the biomechanics of intact human and artificial humeri and can assist researchers to choose an alternate humerus model that can substitute for fresh-frozen humeri.

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“…Several substituted thiazolidinones have been found to possess hypnotic, anesthetic, sedative, anticonvulsant, and microbiological activities [2][3][4]. Some thiazoline derivatives show interesting anti-HIV or anticancer activities and can inhibit cell division [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple and efficient synthesis of some novel thiazolidine‐4‐one derivatives

Porshamsian

Montazeri

Rad‐Moghadam

et al. 2010

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).Reaction of 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate in CH 2 Cl 2 at 0 C lead to construction of alkyl 3-amino-2-phenyliminothiazolidine-4-one-5-ylidene acetate in a few minutes and good yields. Alternatively, the use of thiosemicarbazide has given the corresponding 3-amino-2-iminothiazolidine-4-one-5-ylidene acetate, while application of di-t-butylacetylenedicarboxylate in these reactions has not entailed with cyclization.

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Joubert`S syndrome

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Biomechanical Measurements of Surgical Drilling Force and Torque in Human Versus Artificial Femurs

Biomechanical Measurements of Surgical Drilling Force and Torque in Human Versus Artificial Femurs

Biomechanical Measurements of Stiffness and Strength for Five Types of Whole Human and Artificial Humeri

A simple and efficient synthesis of some novel thiazolidine‐4‐one derivatives

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