“Just a Joke”: Young Australian understandings of racism

Grigg, Kaine; Manderson, Lenore Hilda

doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.06.006

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Participants recognised a system in Australia that is controlled by the dominant culture, and one that silences Indigenous histories and oppresses Indigenous Australians, while rarely reflecting on how their own white positioning in Australia may perpetuate this oppression. Consistent with previous literature, participants tended to deflect personal responsibility for Australia's history of oppression and in turn did not display an awareness of their own privilege in an oppressive system that favours their whiteness (Grigg & Manderson, ; Pedersen et al, ). Specifically, participants blamed the Australian Government for oppression of Indigenous Australians, and victim blamed Indigenous Australians for experiencing disadvantages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Previous literature suggested that young people may be more critical of the coloniser influence in Australian history, and their perspectives towards Indigenous Australians may have shifted to be more positive in recent times (Dunn et al, ; Grigg & Manderson, ). Findings from the current research only partially support this notion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent research suggests that there may be a shift in young people's conceptualisations. Grigg and Manderson (2015) explored young Australians' understanding and experiences of racism. Participants conveyed an awareness of how dominant culture shapes understanding of Australian history and acknowledged past attempts to silence Indigenous histories (Grigg & Manderson, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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“It is usually about the triumph of the coloniser”: Exploring young people's conceptualisations of Australian history and the implications for Australian identity

Farrugia

Dzidic

Roberts

2018

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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Australians of European descent reconstruct Australian history to silence the mistreatment of Indigenous Australians and to favour the coloniser perspective. Literature suggests that although this reconstructed history is typically accepted uncritically, in recent times, young people may have become more critical of this historical account. Exploring young people's conceptualisations of Australian history may provide insight into emerging perspectives of Australian history, and ultimately young people's understanding of Australian identity. A qualitative research design with a social constructionist approach was adopted. Twelve young people aged 18 to 25 who self‐identified as having an interest in Australian history were recruited and participated in a semistructured interview. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. Three major themes emerged: “learning and ‘relearning’ Australian history,” “making sense of what is happening,” and “who is an Australian?” Viewed through a Freirean lens, some young Australians of European descent appear to be undergoing a conceptual shift from holding perspectives associated with the oppressor to adopting a more critical stance of Australian history. Despite this, understandings of oppression were at times paradoxical. Further research is required to understand the phenomena of this proposed shift and to facilitate and encourage this process of siding with the oppressed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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“It is usually about the triumph of the coloniser”: Exploring young people's conceptualisations of Australian history and the implications for Australian identity

Farrugia

Dzidic

Roberts

2018

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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“…One visible difference is skin color. Bias based on skin color has been noted in North American (Bell et al, ; Hochschild & Weaver, ), South American (Perreira & Telles, ), European (Astell‐Burt et al, ), Middle East Asian (Zlotnick et al, ), and Oceanic (Grigg & Manderson, ) studies. Adolescent immigrants with darker skin color experienced more health concerns (Zlotnick et al, ) and school issues (Ryabov, ; Thompson & McDonald, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of adolescents' racial and ethnic self-identity on hope

Zlotnick

Goldblatt

Birenbaum‐Carmeli

et al. 2019

Health Soc Care Community

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The two components of hope (i.e., hope‐agency defined as the ability to envision and believe in one's ability to achieve goals; hope‐pathway defined as belief in one's ability to devise strategies to achieve one's goals) propel adolescents toward well‐being, academic achievement and personal fulfillment. This study compares levels of hope and its components, for different groups of immigrant and ethnic non‐immigrant youths, while adjusting for and measuring the impact of racism, school and family characteristics, and the youth's unique individual attributes. Using a community‐based participatory research approach and a cross‐sectional study design, data were collected from immigrant and non‐immigrant youth (n = 567) between May 2015 and December 2015 at three Israeli public high schools. The study included five groups of youth based on their self‐descriptions: Ethiopian immigrant (n = 48), Russian immigrant (n = 145), Israeli‐born Mizrachi/Sephardi (n = 59), Israeli‐born Ashkenazi (n = 49), or Israeli‐born Unspecified (n = 266). Linear regression models showed that Ethiopian immigrant youth, compared to Russian immigrant youth and all Israeli‐born groups of youth, had significantly lower hope‐agency, hope‐pathway and overall hope. However, an interaction effect between racism and ethnicity indicated that adolescents who perceived racism and self‐identified as Ethiopian had higher hope‐agency, hope‐pathway and overall hope. This effect was not found with Russian immigrant or Israeli‐born youth. Immigrants of color compared to other immigrants and ethnicities have less overall hope; but those who acknowledge racism feel more control over their future (hope‐agency), able to devise strategies to surmount barriers blocking goals (hope‐pathway), and have greater overall hope.

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“…Qualitative research was conducted from December 2011 to March 2012 on young Australian conceptualisations of, and experiences with, racism to generate sufficient data to form the basis of a scale (detailed elsewhere; Grigg & Manderson, 2014a). The qualitative data were supplemented by an extensive and comprehensive literature review of the conceptual racism literature and existing instruments to create the preliminary items.…”

Section: Study 1: Item Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing the Australian Racism, Acceptance, and Cultural-Ethnocentrism Scale (RACES)

Grigg

Manderson

2015

The Educational and Developmental Psychologist

Self Cite

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Existing Australian measures of racist attitudes focus on single groups or have not been validated across the lifespan. To redress this, the present research aimed to develop and validate a measure of racial, ethnic, cultural and religious acceptance — the Australian Racism, Acceptance, and Cultural-Ethnocentrism Scale (RACES) — for use with children, adolescents and adults. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 30 adolescents in Victoria, Australia, to develop the instrument, which was pilot tested with eight children. The novel 34-item scale consists of three subscales (Accepting Attitudes — 12 items; Racist Attitudes — 8 items; Ethnocentric Attitudes — 4 items) and a 10-item measure of social desirability. The instrument was tested with 296 Victorian school children, 182 adolescents and 120 adults from the Australian community, with data modelled and analysed utilising classical test theory and item response theory. Estimates of internal consistency reliability and factorial, construct, convergent and discriminant validity support the measure. The instrument is the first general attitudinal measure of racial, ethnic, cultural and religious acceptance to be designed and scientifically validated within the Australian context. RACES can be utilised across the lifespan to evaluate attitudes towards all racial, ethnic, cultural and religious groups. RACES has potential to be widely utilised to evaluate anti-racism and pro-diversity interventions implemented within schools and throughout the community, enabling the development of a strong evidence base for initiatives to reduce community levels of racism. However, future research is needed to confirm the psychometric properties and establish the temporal stability of the scale prior to dissemination throughout Australia.

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“Just a Joke”: Young Australian understandings of racism

Cited by 21 publications

References 78 publications

“It is usually about the triumph of the coloniser”: Exploring young people's conceptualisations of Australian history and the implications for Australian identity

“It is usually about the triumph of the coloniser”: Exploring young people's conceptualisations of Australian history and the implications for Australian identity

The impact of adolescents' racial and ethnic self-identity on hope

Developing the Australian Racism, Acceptance, and Cultural-Ethnocentrism Scale (RACES)

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