Just Following Orders: A Meta-Analysis of the Correlates of American Police Officer Use of Force Decisions

Bolger, P. Colin

doi:10.1007/s12103-014-9278-y

Cited by 128 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

100

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Context and all of the facts involved in the case need to be identified and examined. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] No incident of police use of force is simple and all involve complex factors that all occur together that impact the degree of dangerousness of the suspect and situation. Therefore, all need to be examined in police use of force situations.…”

Section: Unarmed Suspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research into police shootings is often flawed and difficult to make sense of empirically and often provides contradictory findings. [11][12][13] indicates that the focus of police shootings should be on what happens during the encounter versus focusing on other factors. In fairness, the decision of a police officer to use any type of force, including lethal force, rests with the officer's risk assessment of the dynamic situation that is occurring in real time…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Police shootings: how statistics can be dangerously misleading when excluding context factors

Johnson¹

2018

FRCIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Unarmed Suspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Police shootings: how statistics can be dangerously misleading when excluding context factors

Johnson¹

2018

FRCIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The literature has identified four categories of variables to consider when assessing use of force decisions made by police officers. For a review, see Bolger, 2015. The four are listed below.…”

Section: The Reverse Racism Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The four are listed below. Factors related to encounter characteristics of how an officer may perceive the situation with a suspect to be dangerous often hinges on five factors as outlined by Bolger 104 when the suspect has a past involving criminal behavior, when a suspect has a weapon in their possession, when a suspect resists being detained, when conflict is present with citizens who are on-scene, and during the course of arrest (p. 468). The strongest of these factors was suspect resistance.…”

Section: The Reverse Racism Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police shootings: a review of the literature and the role of media in current racism & misrepresentation of the facts

Johnson¹

2018

FRCIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

On any news program, you can hear democrats and media anchors and reporters talk about how there is so much more prejudice than before. Yet I am not sure that the degree of prejudice has increased but rather that cases where black criminal thugs were shot and killed by police and a handful of police shootings of innocent black males has energized the racial divide. News programs such as CNN and even former president Obama appeared to have increased the sense of racially prejudiced police officers when Black suspects are shot or killed. The rhetoric is dangerous and simply wrong and far from being based in facts. Less than 1% of police shootings appeared to be unjustified. The review of the literature supports that Blacks engaged in far more violent crime than Whites, especially Blacks in low income and high-crime neighborhoods.

show abstract

“…Police officers are less likely to resort to physical violence (a) if the person is exceedingly resistant, (b) looks fit, (c) the officer perceives environmental risks, (d) bystanders are present (Alpert, 2004;Bolger, 2015;Terrill, 2005;Weisburd, Greenspan, & Hamilton, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ill-treatment and torture in demonstrations and other noncustodial settings. How can academic research help in the discussion?

Pérez–Sales¹

2018

Torture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The events in October 2017 in Catalonia exemplify the difficulty of establishing what ‘excessive use of force’ means. Images of violent repression of defenceless people of all ages waiting to vote accompany the Spanish government’s spokeswoman reiterating in the media that what the police force is doing is “proportional” and therefore allegedly acceptable. Can scientific research add to the debate on what is “proportional” and when an intervention in non-custodial settings enters into what is banned under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (‘CAT’)? This is not a minor issue. According to international databases, from an epidemiological point of view, torture happens mainly in prisons and police stations linked to marginalised populations. Ill-treatment and torture against political dissidents and protesters is less frequent, but widespread, affecting around 70% of countries across the world (Conrad, Haglund, & Moore, 2013).

show abstract

Just Following Orders: A Meta-Analysis of the Correlates of American Police Officer Use of Force Decisions

Cited by 128 publications

References 50 publications

Police shootings: how statistics can be dangerously misleading when excluding context factors

Police shootings: how statistics can be dangerously misleading when excluding context factors

Police shootings: a review of the literature and the role of media in current racism & misrepresentation of the facts

Ill-treatment and torture in demonstrations and other noncustodial settings. How can academic research help in the discussion?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About