Kairomonal effect of an aphid cornicle secretion onLysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae).

Grasswitz, Tessa R.; Paine, Timothy D.

doi:10.1007/bf01058190

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is commonly released in the cornicle secretions of many aphid species (Francis et al, 2005a) to alert surrounding aphids of the presence of natural enemies (Grasswitz & Paine, 1992;Francis et al, 2004Francis et al, , 2005bKunert et al, 2005). However, EBF is a sesquiterpenoid which reacts quickly with ozone (Pinto et al, 2007).…”

Section: Aphid Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parasitoid L. testaceipes responded differently toward R. padi homogenates and cornicle wax compared to those of the non-host Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae). However, when the non-host was covered with R. padi's cornicle wax, L. testaceipes increased its attack frequency (Grasswitz & Paine, 1992). Cornicle secretion is only produced by aphids during attack (Goff & Nault, 1974) and can be an effective defensive weapon against predators and parasitoids.…”

Section: Host Recognition and Acceptancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, probing ("test stinging") of the host, although indicative of attack, is also an investigatory behaviour (Grasswitz & Paine, 1992;Powell et al, 1998). Le Ralec & Rabasse (1988 studied the ovipositors of Aphidiinae and described three pairs of valvulae, in which the third valvulae surround the other two.…”

Section: Host Recognition and Acceptancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical cues mediating aphid location by natural enemies

Hatano¹,

Kunert²,

Michaud³

et al. 2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

119

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Abstract. There is increasing evidence that chemical cues play a pivotal role in host selection by the natural enemies of aphids. We use Vinson's (1976) division of the host selection process into habitat location, host location and host acceptance for both parasitoids and predators and review what is known about the role of semiochemicals in aphid selection by natural enemies. For habitat location (i.e. detection of the host plant), volatiles emitted by plants after aphid attack have been described for a number of plant-aphid interactions. These synomones indicate not only the presence of an aphid host plant to the predator or parasitoid, but also the presence of aphids. Volatiles emitted from undamaged host plants are often attractive to aphid parasitoids, but less so for predators. Host location by the natural enemy on the food plant is guided by semiochemicals that mostly originate from the aphids, in particular aphid alarm pheromone, honeydew, or the smell of the aphid itself. Host acceptance is guided by contact chemicals for both predators and parasitoids. In parasitoids, host recognition may be based on visual cues or on contact chemicals on the aphid's cuticle, whereas host acceptance is ultimately based on as yet unknown substances within the aphid's hemolymph. While it appears that many predators and parasitoids are attracted to the same semiochemicals, synergistic and antagonistic interactions among chemical substances have only rarely been investigated. More research into model systems is needed, not only to identify important semiochemicals, but also to determine their range of attraction. Recent progress in the development of analytical techniques has created new opportunities to improve our understanding of the chemical ecology of aphid-natural enemy interactions in the coming years.

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Section: Aphid Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host Recognition and Acceptancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical cues mediating aphid location by natural enemies

Hatano¹,

Kunert²,

Michaud³

et al. 2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent reports indicated that aphid cornicle secretions can also be used as a contact kairomone by aphid parasitoids (Grasswitz & Paine 1992;Battaglia et al 1993Battaglia et al , 1994. Some unknown components of these secretions trigger attack behaviour in the parasitoids, obviously serving as a stimulant for host recognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid alarm pheromone (E)-?-farnesene: A host finding kairomone for the aphid primary parasitoidAphidius uzbekistanicus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)

Micha

Wyss

1996

Chemoecology

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Summary. The present study aimed to test the possible function of the aphid alarm pheromone (E)-/?-farnesene (EBF) as a host finding kairomone for aphid primary parasitoids. Extracts of volatile emissions of undisturbed aphids and of aphids under parasitoid attack were obtained by air entrainment. Extracts of cornicle secretions were gained by disturbing aphids and taking their secretions into solution. Extracts were compared by gas chromatography. Only air entrainments of aphids under attack and solvent extracts of cornicle secretions contained the alarm pheromone. In Ytube olfactometer bioassays, female A. uzbekistanicus were attracted to aphid groups under attack of parasitoids, presumably by released EBF. High concentrations of synthetic EBF (1.4 gg to 5.7 gg) also attracted A. uzbekistanicus females. Females with oviposition experience reacted more readily to lower concentrations of EBF than females without experience. In experiments designed as Petri-dish bioassays, the test animals could contact filter paper discs that were treated with solutions containing EBF. Behavioural effects like antennation or stinging attack were not observed. With computer video analysis of parasitoid movements, some effects on A. uzbekistanicus behaviour were detected, again indicating attraction to EBF.As the volatile aphid alarm pheromone attracted A. uzbekistanicus females, it can be concluded that this chemical stimulus acts as a host finding kairomone for this parasitoid species. However, its effect over long distances seems to be limited due to the relatively high concentrations required for reactions. Of two other parasitoid species examined (P. volucre and L. testaceipes) only P. volucre was also significantly attracted to the volatile EBF in the Y-tube olfactometer.

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“…Host body size (Shirota et al, 1983;Kouamé and Mackauer, 1991), host cuticle texture (Arthur, 1981), shape (Vinson, 1985), and color (Ankersmit et al, 1981(Ankersmit et al, , 1986Michaud andMackauer, 1994, 1995;Battaglia et al, 2000), as well as host movements (Arthur, 1981;Mackauer et al, 1996;Dippel and Hilker, 1998) act as cues triggering the attack behavior of female parasitoids. It has also been frequently reported that host recognition is mediated by semiochemicals (Strand and Vinson, 1982;Grasswitz and Paine, 1992;Battaglia et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epicuticular Factors Involved in Host Recognition for the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi

et al. 2006

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Abstract:In insect parasitoids, fitness is dependent on the host finding and recognition abilities of the female. Host recognition cues have been described for various host-parasitoid systems, but are still under investigation in aphid parasitoids. Our study aimed to clarify the respective role of physical and chemical cues in recognition of the aphid cuticle. Shed aphid exuviae were used as an elicitor in order to avoid any influence of color, movement, or volatiles present in a living aphid. We assessed the effect of chemical and heat treatments on the texture of the cuticle by using scanning electron microscopy and tested the recognition of treated cuticles by the parasitoid. We showed that recognition cues of the cuticle can be removed chemically (using combined treatments with n-hexane and methanol). Moreover, heat treatment destroyed the physical texture of the cuticle without significantly reducing parasitoid recognition. In a second step, we showed that epicuticular extracts deposited on pieces of paper triggered female attack behavior. First results concerning the chemical composition of the active extract are presented. This study shows that chemical compounds extractable by organic solvents mediate cuticle recognition by aphid parasitoids.

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Kairomonal effect of an aphid cornicle secretion onLysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae).

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Chemical cues mediating aphid location by natural enemies

Chemical cues mediating aphid location by natural enemies

Aphid alarm pheromone (E)-?-farnesene: A host finding kairomone for the aphid primary parasitoidAphidius uzbekistanicus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae)

Epicuticular Factors Involved in Host Recognition for the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi

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