Karyotypic mosaicism and molecular cytogenetic markers in the scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa Brook, 1982 (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa, Cnidaria)

Taguchi, Takahiro; Tagami, Erika; Mezaki, Takuma; Vacarizas, Joshua; Canon, Katrina L.; Avila, Teresa Narvaez; Bataan, Dan Anthony Uy; Tominaga, Akira; Kubota, Shin

doi:10.1007/s00338-020-01975-x

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This NOR in the sex chromosomes functions in the pairing of X-Y chromosomes during meiosis 21 . This is also supported by the presence of 18/28S rDNA loci at the telomere of one of the longest chromosome pairs in A. pruinosa Kochi 9 . Further work must be conducted to characterize the sequence arrays that constitute this hybridization signal on the longest chromosome and to con rm whether this chromosome is associated with functioning as a sex chromosome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…It is unclear whether the chromosome number 2n = 27 observed in this study was a result of missing one chromosome during mitotic preparations or it is another karyological characteristics in this coral species. Having two chromosome numbers (karyotypic mosaicism) is not uncommon in Acropora 7,9 . Acropora pruinosa Kochi was reported with chromosome numbers, 2n = 28 and 2n = 29, which was con rmed by the presence of an additional and unpaired chromosome in the case of 2n = 29 9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having two chromosome numbers (karyotypic mosaicism) is not uncommon in Acropora 7,9 . Acropora pruinosa Kochi was reported with chromosome numbers, 2n = 28 and 2n = 29, which was con rmed by the presence of an additional and unpaired chromosome in the case of 2n = 29 9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This limited and varying karyological data for scleractinian corals can be attributed to the di culty in constructing their karyotype due to their short (1-5 µm) and equally sized chromosomes 6,7 . Observations of unique banding patterns based on heterochromatic regions (Giemsa and C-bandings) were shown di cult for short chromosomes of some scleractinian corals 8,9 . These banding patterns and chromosomal lengths are features that are conventionally used in pairing homologous chromosomes to construct the karyotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These banding patterns and chromosomal lengths are features that are conventionally used in pairing homologous chromosomes to construct the karyotype. Karyotyping of corals has recently been improved with the use of uorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which provides a higher resolution that aids the observation of chromosomes by targeting gene loci as chromosomal markers [8][9][10][11] . This improvement revealed a chromosome number (2n) of 28 for most of the species of scleractinian corals and suggested slight variations in the number even within the species 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-sequence probes reveal chromosomal locations of tandemly repetitive genes in scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa: a potential tool for karyotyping

Vacarizas¹,

Taguchi²,

Mezaki³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The short and similar sized chromosomes of Acropora pose a challenge for karyotyping. Conventional methods, such as staining of heterochromatic regions, provide unclear banding patterns that hamper identification of such chromosomes. In this study, we used short single-sequence probes for tandemly repetitive 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and core histone genes to identify specific chromosomes of Acropora pruinosa. Both the probes produced intense signals in fluorescence in situ hybridization, which distinguished chromosome pairs. The locus of the core histone gene was on chromosome 8, whereas that of 5S rRNA gene was on chromosome 5. The sequence of the 5S rRNA probe was composed largely of U1 and U2 spliceosomal small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes and their interspacers, flanked by short sequences of the 5S rRNA gene. This is the first report of a tandemly repetitive linkage of snRNA and 5S rRNA genes in Cnidaria. Based on the constructed tentative karyogram and whole genome hybridization, the longest chromosome pair (chromosome 1) was heteromorphic. The probes also hybridized effectively with chromosomes of other Acropora species and population, revealing an additional core histone gene locus. We demonstrated the applicability of short-sequence probes as chromosomal markers with potential for use across populations and species of Acropora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Single-sequence probes reveal chromosomal locations of tandemly repetitive genes in scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa: a potential tool for karyotyping

Vacarizas¹,

Taguchi²,

Mezaki³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Cytogenetic markers using single-sequence probes reveal chromosomal locations of tandemly repetitive genes in scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa

Vacarizas

Taguchi

Mezaki³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The short and similar sized chromosomes of Acropora pose a challenge for karyotyping. Conventional methods, such as staining of heterochromatic regions, provide unclear banding patterns that hamper identification of such chromosomes. In this study, we used short single-sequence probes from tandemly repetitive 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and core histone coding sequences to identify specific chromosomes of Acropora pruinosa. Both the probes produced intense signals in fluorescence in situ hybridization, which distinguished chromosome pairs. The locus of the 5S rDNA probe was on chromosome 5, whereas that of core histone probe was on chromosome 8. The sequence of the 5S rDNA probe was composed largely of U1 and U2 spliceosomal small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes and their interspacers, flanked by short sequences of the 5S rDNA. This is the first report of a tandemly repetitive linkage of snRNA and 5S rDNA sequences in Cnidaria. Based on the constructed tentative karyogram and whole genome hybridization, the longest chromosome pair (chromosome 1) was heteromorphic. The probes also hybridized effectively with chromosomes of other Acropora species and population, revealing an additional core histone gene locus. We demonstrated the applicability of short-sequence probes as chromosomal markers with potential for use across populations and species of Acropora.

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Genome assemblies and genetic maps highlight chromosome-scale macrosynteny in Atlantic acroporids

Locatelli,

Kitchen,

Stankiewicz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundCorals belong to the Cnidaria, an early branching phylum of metazoans. Over the course of their long evolutionary history, they have adapted to changing environments, such as rising sea levels and increasing ocean temperatures. While their history speaks to their evolutionary capacity, it is less clear how quickly they may respond to rapid changes. A critical aspect of adaptive capacity is the structure of their genome and the genetic diversity contained within.FindingsHere, we present chromosome-scale genome assemblies and genetic linkage maps of two critically endangered coral species,Acropora palmataandA. cervicornis,the two extant Atlantic acroporid corals. Genomes of both species were resolved into 14 chromosomes with comparable assembly sizes (A. palmata, 287Mb;A. cervicornis, 305Mb). Gene content, repeat content, gene collinearity and macrosynteny were largely preserved between the Atlantic acroporids but a 2.5 Mb inversion and 1.4 Mb translocation were detected between two of the chromosome pairs. Macrosynteny and gene collinearity decreased when comparing Atlantic with Pacific acroporids. Paracentric inversions of whole chromosome arms characterizedA. hyacinthus, specifically. In the larger context of cnidarian evolution, the four acroporids and another scleractinian coral with chromosome-resolved genome assemblies retained six of 21 cnidarian ancestral linkage groups, while also privately sharing numerous ALG fission and fusion events compared to other distantly related cnidarians. Genetic linkage maps were built using a 30K genotyping array with 105 offspring in one family forA. palmataand 154 offspring across 16 families forA. cervicornis. TheA. palmataconsensus linkage map spans 1,013.42 cM and includes 2,114 informative markers. TheA. cervicornisconsensus map spans 927.36 cM across 4,859 markers.A. palmataandA. cervicornisexhibited similarly high sex-averaged genome-wide recombination rates (3.53 cM/Mb and 3.04 cM/Mb, respectively) relative to other animals. In our gamete-specific maps, we found pronounced sex-based differences in recombination, known as heterochiasmy, in this simultaneous hermaphrodite, with both species showing recombination rates 2-2.5X higher in eggs compared to sperm.ConclusionsThe genomic resources presented here are the first of their kind available for Atlantic coral species. These data sets revealed that adaptive capacity of endangered Atlantic corals is not limited by their recombination rates, with both species exhibiting high recombination rates and heterochiasmy. Nevertheless, the two sister species maintain high levels of macrosynteny and gene collinearity between them. The few large-scale rearrangements detected deserve further study as a potential cause of fertilization barriers between the species. Together, the assemblies and genetic maps presented here now enable genome-wide association studies and discovery of quantitative trait loci; tools that can aid in the conservation of these endangered corals.

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Karyotypic mosaicism and molecular cytogenetic markers in the scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa Brook, 1982 (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa, Cnidaria)

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Single-sequence probes reveal chromosomal locations of tandemly repetitive genes in scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa: a potential tool for karyotyping

Single-sequence probes reveal chromosomal locations of tandemly repetitive genes in scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa: a potential tool for karyotyping

Cytogenetic markers using single-sequence probes reveal chromosomal locations of tandemly repetitive genes in scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa

Genome assemblies and genetic maps highlight chromosome-scale macrosynteny in Atlantic acroporids

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