Kenyans’ Perceptions of the Risks of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Vaccination programs are critical in controlling the spread of viral diseases worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical role of vaccines. Achieving widespread immunization is significantly challenged by vaccine hesitancy, particularly concerns regarding potential risks. The perceptions of Kenyans regarding the risks of COVID-19 vaccines were explored in this scoping review. Methods: The Arksey and O’Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology were used. A search strategy was developed to identify peer-reviewed publications and relevant grey literature from electronic databases and Google. Identified articles were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was extracted from and analyzed to identify themes. Results: Twenty-eight articles were included in the scoping review. The most common themes leading to vaccine hesitancy among Kenyans were vaccine safety, vaccine side effects, and lack of knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines. Four other themes were identified and discussed. Conclusion: This review adds to our understanding of the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy during public health emergencies in Kenya. Public health messaging should prioritize addressing these concerns while also advocating for equitable access to the benefits of vaccination.