Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Hots Matematika Berdasarkan Teori Newman

Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan belajar siswa sekolah dasar dalam menyelesaikan soal HOTS matematika berdasarkan Teori Newman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dekriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas V SDN Gerih 1 Ngawi sebanyak 23 siswa. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes soal uraian dan hasil dari wawancara siswa yang dianalisis secara kuaitatif. Hasil skor tes siswa dikelompokkan menjadi tiga terdiri dari siswa berkemampuan tinggi (nilai tes antara 86-100), siswa berkemampuan sedang (nilai tes antara 70-85), dan siswa berkemampuan rendah (nilai tes antara 0-69). Selanjutnya untuk wawancara, peneliti memilih secara purposive satu siswa dari masing-masing kategori yang sudah dikelompokkan. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu terdapat 4 siswa kemampuan tinggi, 10 siswa kemampuan sedang dan 9 siswa kemampuan rendah. Indikator kesalahan menurut teori Newman yaitu membaca, memahami soal, transformasi, keterampilan proses serta proses penyelesaian. Hasil pengerjaan siswa ditemukan adanya kesalahan yang berbeda-beda dari setiap subjek.THE DIFFICULTIES OF ELEMENTARY’S STUDENTS LEARNING IN COMPLETING HOTS MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS BASED ON NEWMAN’S THEORYAbstract: This study aims to describe the learning difficulties of elementary school students in solving mathematics HOTS questions based on Newman's Theory. This research is a descriptive research. The subjects in this study were 23 students of class V SDN Gerih 1 Ngawi. Data in the form of test results and student interviews were analyzed qualitatively. The results of student test scores are grouped into three consisting of high-ability students (test scores between 86-100), medium-ability students (test scores between 70-85), and low-ability students (test scores between 0-69). Furthermore, for the interview, the researcher purposively selects one student from each of the grouped categories. The results of this study were 4 high-ability students, 10 medium-ability students and 9 low-ability students. Indicators of error according to Newman's theory are reading, understanding, transformation, process skills and finishing process. The results of student work found that there were errors that differed for each subject.

Analysis of Student Errors in Solving HOTS-Type Sequence and Series Problems Based on Newman Error Analysis

“…If there is an error in reading, then the student will experience an error at the stage of understanding. Oktavia (Endah & Dkk, 2015) explains in his research that at the stage of understanding the problem is related to reading errors. In the HOTS test questions that have been given, students are required to know what is given to the HOTS test questions as known data and know what is being asked in the questions.…”

“…This is in line with Fatahillah's research (Fatahillah et al, 2017) which states that students cannot convert questions into mathematical sentences, especially sentences related to multiplication operations. Research by (Endah & et al, 2015) also explains that students have not been able to transform the story questions in the questions into mathematical language, causing errors to occur. Errors at this stage occur because the subject is less precise in entering the data in the question.…”

“…Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are the ability to combine facts and ideas in the process of analysis, evaluation, and creation, namely in the form of providing an assessment of a fact that is learned or creating what has been learned (Saraswati & Agustika, 2020). Students who can solve HOTS questions besides being able to remember the formula, will also understand the material and apply it to math problems (Endah & Dkk, 2015). HOTS has characteristics as described by Retnawati, et al (2017) in (Amalia et al, 2020 namely: non-algorithmic, complex, produces many solutions, involves differences of opinion or interpretation, involves various criteria, involves uncertainty, demands independence in thought process, involves impressive meaning, and requires hard work.…”

Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Menyelesaikan Materi Bilangan Bulat Menurut Teori Newman Pada Siswa Kelas Vii SMP Negeri 2 Muara Bungo

“…indikasi jenis kesalahan yaitu kesalahan membaca soal, kesalahan memahami soal, kesalahan Transformasi, kesalahan proses dan kesalahan penulisan jawaban akhir (Hadi, 2021;Maulana & Pujiastuti, 2020;Oktaviana,2018 ).Setelah diketahui tipe tipe kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa, maka akan dibahas lebih lanjut tentang analisis kesalahan yang dilakukan dari tiap tiap subjek. Berikut adalah pembahasan analisis kesalahan dari masing masing siswa pada saat menyelesaikan soal cerita materi operasi hitung pengurangan bilangan bulat.…”

Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Berdasarkan Teori Newman dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita pada Materi Pecahan Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

“…Salah satu teori yang dapat digunakan adalah teori Newman. Teori Newman dirancang sebagai prosedur diagnostik sederhana untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita matematis yang di dalamnya terdapat 5 indikasi jenis kesalahan yaitu kesalahan membaca soal, kesalahan memahami soal, kesalahan Transformasi, kesalahan proses dan kesalahan penulisan jawaban akhir (Hadi, 2021;Maulana & Pujiastuti, 2020;Oktaviana, 2018). Belum banyak kajian mendalam mengenai analisis kesalahan peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita menggunakan teori Newman di tingkat sekolah dasar.…”