Ketamine administration makes patients and physicians satisfied during gastro-enteric endoscopies

Abstract

Background:A suitable sedative status during gastro-enteric endoscopies results in better physicians’ approach and more stable view of internal organs. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of ketamine for sedation in endoscopic procedures of adult patients.Materials and Methods:Patients who were candidates for gastro-enteric endoscopy during the years 2014-2015 were included into the study and divided into two groups of case (administered 5 mg/kg of oral ketamine half an hour before initiation of the procedure) and control (administered placebo in a same pattern). After endoscopy, patients and physicians’ satisfaction of sedation was assessed. SPSS-22 was used for data analysis.Results:Eighty-six patients participated into the study of which divided into each groups. The pain and discomfort scores were 2.4 ± 1.8 and 5.81 ± 1.48 in case and control groups, respectively, (P < 0.001). Mann-Whitney test revealed statistical difference among groups about physician's satisfaction of sedation during endoscopy (P < 0.001). Patients who received ketamine had better sedative status (P < 0.001). None of the patients in the case group was completely awake but all of the patients in the control group were awake. The number of retching during endoscopy showed that individuals in the control group had more frequent retching episodes (P = 0.04).Conclusion:Low-dose oral administration of ketamine could make a satisfied sedation for gastro-enteric endoscopy.

Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in reducing recovery agitation in pediatric patients after ketamine procedural sedation in emergency department

“…Ketamine has been a safe and effective sedative agent commonly used for painful ED pediatric procedures. [ 2 3 ] Ketamine is a noncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, which is used for premedication, sedation, and induction as well as maintenance of general anesthesia. It has a rapid onset with a short duration of action that induces good analgesia, sedation, and amnesia with a rapid recovery.…”

“…[ 7 8 ] In this regard, cognitive changes, memory impairment, and wild crying might occur, especially in children. [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ] However, the ketamine-induced agitation can be overcome by co-administration of other drugs. Numerous studies have been tried to compare different drugs such as midazolam, dexmedetomidine (Dex), propofol, clonidine, and haloperidol to reduce these adverse responses.…”