Key advances in vaccine development for tuberculosis—success and challenges

Lai, Rocky; Ogunsola, Abiola F.; Rakib, Tasfia; Behar, Samuel M.

doi:10.1038/s41541-023-00750-7

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…One of the most studied interventions at the moment is the use of PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis): when taken as prescribed, PrEP is highly effective in preventing HIV infections 27 . Regarding TB, the anti-tuberculosis drugs for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection 28 and the tuberculosis vaccine will also reduce active TB infections 29 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating social protection mitigation effects on HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis through a mathematical modelling study

Rubio,

Amad,

Aransiola

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The global economic downturn due to the COVID-19 pandemic, war in Ukraine, and worldwide inflation surge may have a profound impact on poverty-related infectious diseases, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this work, we developed mathematical models for HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis (TB) in Brazil, one of the largest and most unequal LMICs, incorporating poverty rates and temporal dynamics to evaluate and forecast the impact of the increase in poverty due to the economic crisis, and estimate the mitigation effects of alternative poverty-reduction policies on the incidence and mortality from AIDS and TB up to 2030. Three main intervention scenarios were simulated—an economic crisis followed by the implementation of social protection policies with none, moderate, or strong coverage—evaluating the incidence and mortality from AIDS and TB. Without social protection policies to mitigate the impact of the economic crisis, the burden of HIV/AIDS and TB would be significantly larger over the next decade, being responsible in 2030 for an incidence 13% (95% CI 4–31%) and mortality 21% (95% CI 12–34%) higher for HIV/AIDS, and an incidence 16% (95% CI 10–25%) and mortality 22% (95% CI 15–31%) higher for TB, if compared with a scenario of moderate social protection. These differences would be significantly larger if compared with a scenario of strong social protection, resulting in more than 230,000 cases and 34,000 deaths from AIDS and TB averted over the next decade in Brazil. Using a comprehensive approach, that integrated economic forecasting with mathematical and epidemiological models, we were able to show the importance of implementing robust social protection policies to avert a significant increase in incidence and mortality from AIDS and TB during the current global economic downturn.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating social protection mitigation effects on HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis through a mathematical modelling study

Rubio,

Amad,

Aransiola

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Outer membrane vesicles, which have previously been used in parenteral meningitis B vaccines, are now being used for intranasal pertussis and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines [ 97 , 98 , 99 ]. Recent progress on improved vaccines against pertussis and tuberculosis via nasal delivery demonstrates that they elicit more effective immunity compared with traditional vaccine formulations that have been used for decades [ 100 , 101 ]. Broad spectrum antigen-specific antibody responses and cellular-mediated immunity are achieved after those mucosal vaccinations in clinical trials, even with a single dose [ 101 ].…”

Section: Importance Of Mucosal Vaccines and Their Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent progress on improved vaccines against pertussis and tuberculosis via nasal delivery demonstrates that they elicit more effective immunity compared with traditional vaccine formulations that have been used for decades [ 100 , 101 ]. Broad spectrum antigen-specific antibody responses and cellular-mediated immunity are achieved after those mucosal vaccinations in clinical trials, even with a single dose [ 101 ]. Sustained protective immunity up to 12 months after vaccination [ 101 ] and sterilizing immunity was observed in animal models [ 100 ].…”

Section: Importance Of Mucosal Vaccines and Their Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Broad spectrum antigen-specific antibody responses and cellular-mediated immunity are achieved after those mucosal vaccinations in clinical trials, even with a single dose [ 101 ]. Sustained protective immunity up to 12 months after vaccination [ 101 ] and sterilizing immunity was observed in animal models [ 100 ].…”

Section: Importance Of Mucosal Vaccines and Their Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunological memory was long defined as a characteristic only belonging to adaptive immunity. This traditional thinking has been challenged recently as evidence has been developed showing that, after infection or vaccination, some prototypical innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells or natural killer cells, can also display long-term nonspecific heterologous protective immunity when encountering a second stimulation [ 101 , 183 , 184 ]. This previously unrecognized property of immune phenomena of hyper-reactive types of innate immune memory, which leads to an enhanced innate immune protective outcome, has been termed “trained innate immunity” (TII [ 183 ]).…”

Section: Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity

Song,

Mehl,

Zeichner

2024

Vaccines

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Vaccines are essential tools to prevent infection and control transmission of infectious diseases that threaten public health. Most infectious agents enter their hosts across mucosal surfaces, which make up key first lines of host defense against pathogens. Mucosal immune responses play critical roles in host immune defense to provide durable and better recall responses. Substantial attention has been focused on developing effective mucosal vaccines to elicit robust localized and systemic immune responses by administration via mucosal routes. Mucosal vaccines that elicit effective immune responses yield protection superior to parenterally delivered vaccines. Beyond their valuable immunogenicity, mucosal vaccines can be less expensive and easier to administer without a need for injection materials and more highly trained personnel. However, developing effective mucosal vaccines faces many challenges, and much effort has been directed at their development. In this article, we review the history of mucosal vaccine development and present an overview of mucosal compartment biology and the roles that mucosal immunity plays in defending against infection, knowledge that has helped inform mucosal vaccine development. We explore new progress in mucosal vaccine design and optimization and novel approaches created to improve the efficacy and safety of mucosal vaccines.

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