Key Choices in the Design of Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)

Baker, Thomas; Bechhofer, Sean; Isaac, Antoine; Miles, Alistair; Schreiber, Guus; Summers, Ed

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3199058

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…While there have been attempts at developing best practices for SKOS thesauri development (e.g. [ 3 , 14 ]) considerable heterogeneity exists between different SKOS resources [ 15 ]. We built an editor that is designed to handle even those SKOS resources that do not adhere to suggested best practice (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) standard was introduced to the wider community by a 2005 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) working draft [ 1 ], and further developed and refined in a 2009 W3C recommendation [ 2 , 3 ] 1 . Since then, SKOS has become the de facto standard for representing thesauri, lexicons, vocabularies, taxonomies, and classification schemes, both as a useful data format in its own right, and as a means for sharing resources on the semantic web.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wikipedia categories , UNESCO Thesaurus , General Multilingual Environmental Thesaurus ). In contrast to its sibling World Wide Web Consortium semantic web standard, the Web Ontology Language (OWL), SKOS follows the principle of “minimal ontological commitment” [ 3 ]. That is, SKOS concepts and relations are lightly specified, using thesaurus-style relations like “broader” rather than logically formalised relations commonly used in OWL (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing a web-based SKOS editor

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) was introduced to the wider research community by a 2005 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) working draft, and further developed and refined in a 2009 W3C recommendation. Since then, SKOS has become the de facto standard for representing and sharing thesauri, lexicons, vocabularies, taxonomies, and classification schemes. In this paper, we describe the development of a web-based, free, open-source SKOS editor built for the development, curation, and management of small to medium-sized lexicons for health-related Natural Language Processing (NLP).ResultsThe web-based SKOS editor allows users to create, curate, version, manage, and visualise SKOS resources. We tested the system against five widely-used, publicly-available SKOS vocabularies of various sizes and found that the editor is suitable for the development and management of small to medium-size lexicons. Qualitative testing has focussed on using the editor to develop lexical resources to drive NLP applications in two domains. First, developing a lexicon to support an Electronic Health Record-based NLP system for the automatic identification of pneumonia symptoms. Second, creating a taxonomy of lexical cues associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnoses with the goal of facilitating the automatic identification of symptoms associated with depression from short, informal texts.ConclusionsThe SKOS editor we have developed is — to the best of our knowledge — the first free, open-source, web-based, SKOS editor capable of creating, curating, versioning, managing, and visualising SKOS lexicons.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13326-015-0043-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing a web-based SKOS editor

et al. 2016

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“…To port the large body of existing value vocabularies to the linked data cloud, simpler data models have been developed, notably the W3C Simple Knowledge Organization System (http://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/). SKOS is the result of a careful weighting of requirements of data publishers and consumers and minimizing the ontological commitment all parties should make []. It focuses on concepts (skos:Concept), a small number of semantic relations between them (skos:broader, skos:narrower, skos:related), labels and a few documentation properties.…”

Section: Vocabularies From Formal Owl Ontologies Down To Skos Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linked data practice at different levels of semantic precision: The perspective of libraries, archives and museums

Isaac¹,

Baker

2015

Bull of the Asso Info Sci

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EDITOR'S SUMMARY Libraries, archives and museums rely on structured schemas and vocabularies to indicate classes in which a resource may belong. In the context of linked data, key organizational components are the RDF data model, element schemas and value vocabularies, with simple ontologies having minimally defined classes and properties in order to facilitate reuse and interoperability. Simplicity over formal semantics is a tenet of the open‐world assumption underlying ontology languages central to the Semantic Web, but the result is a lack of constraints, data quality checks and validation capacity. Inconsistent use of vocabularies and ontologies that do not follow formal semantics rules and logical concept hierarchies further complicate the use of Semantic Web technologies. The Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) helps make existing value vocabularies available in the linked data environment, but it exchanges precision for simplicity. Incompatibilities between simple organized vocabularies, Resource Description Framework Schemas and OWL ontologies and even basic notions of subjects and concepts prevent smooth translations and challenge the conversion of cultural institutions' unique legacy vocabularies for linked data. Adopting the linked data vision requires accepting loose semantic interpretations. To avoid semantic inconsistencies and illogical results, cultural organizations following the linked data path must be careful to choose the level of semantics that best suits their domain and needs.

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“…In addition to sameAs links, Lode supports different types of links modeling relationships between individuals, typed (concept), and properties. We utilize as subsets of SKOS [5] and also include several relations from the Web Ontology Language (OWL 2) 5 .…”

Section: Content Linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

LODE: Linking digital humanities content to the web of data

Huber¹,

Sztyler²,

Noessner³

et al. 2014

IEEE/ACM Joint Conference on Digital Libraries

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Numerous digital libraries projects maintain their data collections in the form of text, images, and metadata. While data may be stored in many formats, from plain text to XML to relational databases, the use of the resource description framework (RDF) as a standardized representation has gained considerable traction during the last five years. Almost every digital humanities meeting has at least one session concerned with the topic of digital humanities, RDF, and linked data, including JCDL.While most existing work in linked data has focused on improving algorithms for entity matching, the aim of our Linked Open Data Enhancer Lode is to work "out of the box", enabling their use by humanities scholars, computer scientists, librarians, and information scientists alike.With Lode we enable non-technical users to enrich a local RDF repository with high-quality data from the Linked Open Data cloud. Lode links and enhances the local RDF repository without reducing the quality of the data. In particular, we support the user in the enhancement and linking process by providing intuitive user-interfaces and by suggesting high quality linking candidates using state of the art matching algorithms. We hope that the Lode framework will be useful to digital humanities scholars complementing other digital humanities tools. 1

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Key Choices in the Design of Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Developing a web-based SKOS editor

Developing a web-based SKOS editor

Linked data practice at different levels of semantic precision: The perspective of libraries, archives and museums

LODE: Linking digital humanities content to the web of data

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