Key elements of and material performance targets for highly insulating window frames

Gustavsen, Arild; Grynning, Steinar; Arasteh, D.; Jelle, Bjørn Petter; Goudey, Howdy

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.05.010

Cited by 102 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…90,91 Further improvements have come from optimizing the design and materials of the sash-and-frame construction in terms of thermal conductivity. 92 Note that the degree to which the various technologies have been adopted varies wildly depending on region, country, building norms, purchasing power, climate, and environmental awareness. Europe is leading the way with respect to market uptake: advanced insulated glazing with argon filling, high-performance low-E coatings, and optimized spacer and sash-and-frame designs with U w -values for the entire window around ∼1.1 and ∼0.6 W/(m 2 K) for double and triple glazing, respectively, are now the standard solution.…”

Section: Heat Losses (U-value)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy in buildings—Policy, materials and solutions

Koebel

Wernery

Malfait

2017

MRS Energy & Sustainability

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Buildings account for ∼40% of global energy demands, and the increased adoption of innovative solutions for buildings represents an enormous potential to reduce energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we critically review the current and future materials and solutions for the construction sector. We describe how policy affects innovative businesses and the adoption of new products and solutions. We investigate how the building envelope and user behavior determine building energy demands. Compared to conventional solutions, superinsulation materials (vacuum insulation panels, silica aerogel) can achieve the same thermal performance with drastically thinner insulation. With low-emissivity coatings and appropriate filler gasses, double and triple glazing reduces thermal losses by an order of magnitude. Vacuum and aerogel glazing reduce these even further. Switchable glazing solutions maximize solar gains during wintertime and minimize illumination demands whilst avoiding overheating in summer. Upon integration of renewable energy systems, buildings become both producers and consumers of energy. Combined with the dynamic user behavior, temporal variations in energy production require thermal and electrical storage and the integration of buildings into smart grids and energy district networks. The combination of these measures can reduce the energy consumption of the building's stock by a factor of three.

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Section: Heat Losses (U-value)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy in buildings—Policy, materials and solutions

Koebel

Wernery

Malfait

2017

MRS Energy & Sustainability

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“…In this study, a literature survey was conducted to identify the window spacers that are currently available in the building industries [1,17,26]. If a spacer meets the condition of Equation (1), it was classified as a TIS, as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Survey Of Window Spacersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gustavsen et al showed that the changing of the effective spacer conductivity from 10 W/mK to 0.25 W/mK resulted in the reduction of the frame U-value by more than 18%. It was also claimed that a further reduction of the effective spacer conductivity-for example, 0.25 W/mK to 0.05 W/mK-can reduce the frame U-value and the edge-of-glass U-value by 10% and 8%, respectively [1]. Baldinelli et al demonstrated that, for a wooden window, the modification of the aluminum spacer with a warm spacer (plastic material) can reduce the total U-value by approximately 18% [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Windows are one of the weakest points in building envelopes from the viewpoint of the thermal insulation [1,2]. It is therefore important to enhance the thermal performances of windows to reduce the heat loss through windows, which can contribute to the reduction of not only condensation risks, but also the total heating energy of a building.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Equivalent Thermal Conductivity of Window Spacers in Consideration of Condensation Prevention and Energy Saving Performance

Shin

Rhee

et al. 2017

Energies

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This study investigated the impact of thermally improved spacers (TISs) on the condensation prevention and energy saving performances of residential windows. The temperature factor and total U-value were analyzed with the two-box model, by which the TISs are represented with the equivalent thermal conductivity. The results showed that the TISs could increase the temperature factor by up to 12%, and this significantly improved the condensation prevention performance. In addition, it was proved that the TIS enables the prevention of the condensation at an outdoor temperature that is 4.2 • C to 15.7 • C lower compared with the conventional spacer. Also, it was shown that the TISs reduce the total U-value by an amount from 0.07 W/m 2 K to 0.12 W/m 2 K, implying that the heat loss through the window is reduced by a rate from 2.8% to 8.2%. In addition, the results of the whole building energy simulation proved that the TISs can reduce the annual heating-energy consumption by a rate from 3.0% to 6.3%. The results were then used for the development of monographs to determine the equivalent thermal conductivity of a window spacer that can meet the performance criteria in terms of condensation prevention and energy saving.

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“…The effects of material properties, such as spacer and frame conductivities, on insulating performance are considered by Gustavsen et al [2]. However, the largest and therefore usually the most thermally significant area of typical insulating glass units (IGUs) is the centerof-glass (COG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal performance impacts of center-of-glass deflections in installed insulating glazing units

Hart

Goudey

Arasteh

et al. 2012

Energy and Buildings

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This study examines the thermal performance impact of center-of-glass (COG) deflections in double-and triple-pane insulating glass units (IGUs) installed at several locations throughout the US. Deflection was measured during summer and winter temperatures; the results show that outdoor temperature variations can be represented a linear change in COG gap width in doubleand triple-pane IGUs within the temperature ranges measured. However, the summer-winter temperature-induced deflection is similar in magnitude to the observed spread in COG deflection of similar units at the same temperature, which suggests that factors other than temperature are of equal importance in determining the in-situ deflection of windows. The effect of deflection on thermal performance depends on the IGU's designed gap. Units constructed with smaller-thanoptimal gaps often exhibit significant U-factor change due to temperature-induced reduction in gap width. This effect is particularly problematic in high-performance triple glazing where small gap dimension changes can have a large impact on performance.

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Key elements of and material performance targets for highly insulating window frames

Cited by 102 publications

References 2 publications

Energy in buildings—Policy, materials and solutions

Energy in buildings—Policy, materials and solutions

Determination of Equivalent Thermal Conductivity of Window Spacers in Consideration of Condensation Prevention and Energy Saving Performance

Thermal performance impacts of center-of-glass deflections in installed insulating glazing units

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