Key Features of the First Phase of the National Cluster Program in Russia

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Cluster policy is recognized as one of the pivotal elements of state-of-art innovation policy. State support for clusters helps to take into account regional peculiarities and engage the most innovative local actors into the process of innovation policy drafting and implementation. Cluster development stimulates trust building and enhances knowledge spillovers among different organizations in the region. Finally the cluster approach makes innovation policy more systemic by coordinating measures aimed to support different actors (large companies, SMEs, universities, venture funds) towards comprehensive efforts linking the most perspective localized industries (ecosystems). The development of clusters has been determined as one of the priorities of the Strategy of Innovative Development of the Russian Federation for the period to 2020 which was confirmed end 2010. In the framework of this Strategy the first national cluster program was launched in 2012. The paper is devoted to the detailed description of the background of the national cluster program in Russia and its first phase -the selection of the pilot innovative clusters -which was implemented last year. Special attention is given to the comparison of planned design of the Russian cluster program with such widely known cluster programs as the BioRegio, InnoRegio and Les pôles de compétitivité. The similarities and peculiarities of the Russian program have been defined that allowed to identify several most significant areas for improvement. Terms of use: Documents in

Untitled

“…In some recent years, for instance, the Russian government and regional authorities tried to rebuild the regional EEs of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tomsk, Tatarstan, and some other regions. The first nationwide cluster program was launched in 2012, with support for pilot innovative clusters being the first step [Kutsenko, Meissner, 2013]. However, the process of developing and implementing special economic zones (SEZs) and industrial parks in Russia has not delivered the desired results so far [Sosnovskikh, 2017].…”

Cluster Strategies in Russia and France: Common Objectives, Specific Paths

“…The Ministry of Economic Development has initiated the creation of Centers for Cluster Development since 2010. Such Centers are institutions initiated by regional executive bodies in order to encourage efficient cooperation between SMEs, educational and research institutions, non-profit and non-government organizations, public authorities, local self-government bodies and investors so that to implement joint regional cluster programs (Tyuleneva, 2013 (Kutsenko and Meissner, 2013).…”

“…Nevertheless, the Russian Government approved only a list of twenty-five pilot innovative regional clusters which won support from the federal budget for infrastructure development (Kutsenko and Meissner, 2013) due to their potential and the quality of the application. But based on the proposals' level of development and potential, the approved clusters were divided into two groups:…”

Dix ans de politique industrielle en Russie

“…budgets dédiés à la science (1,6 fois sur la période 2006-2008) et aux universités (Kutsenko et Meissner, 2013), ou des mesures institutionnelles 8 qui confèrent aux universités le contrôle des droits de propriété et autorisent la création d'entreprises sur les campus. Pour répondre au manque d'interactions entre les différents acteurs du processus d'innovation, le gouvernement a aussi lancé deux autres programmes : le premier, qui porte sur les plateformes technologiques (Proskuryuakova et al, 2015), va rapidement s'essouffler faute d'un soutien fort de l'État fédéral (Dezhina, 2016) ; le second, qui démarre en 2012, porte sur les Zones économiques spéciales (ZES) et cible les hautes technologies (Gupta et al, 2013).…”