Key principles concerning dietary amino acid responses in broilers

Kidd, M. T.; Tillman, P. B.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.012

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…However, responses are equivocal and the underlying cause of variance is not clear. Kidd and Tillman (2016) suggest that some of the variability in response of broilers to low-protein diets may be the animal models and experimental design used, genetics and age of the animals, dietary lysine concentration and ratio of other amino acids to lysine, nonessential amino acids (glycine and serine in particular) and the nitrogen content of the feed. Fancher and Jensen (1989) and Chrystal et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of available phosphorus in potentiating the use of low-protein diets for broiler chicken production

Cowieson

Perez-Maldonado²,

Kumar

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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A total of 945 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a growth study to explore the interaction between dietary crude protein concentration and available phosphorus. Nine experimental treatments were constructed factorially by offering low, medium, or standard protein concentrations without or with low, standard, or high available phosphorus. Diets were based on corn, wheat, and soybean meal and all nutrients other than protein/amino acids and available phosphorus were maintained at or above breeder guidelines. Additional synthetic amino acids were used in the diets with low protein concentration in attempt to maintain digestible amino acid supply. Diets were offered to 7 replicate pens of 15 chicks per pen from day 8 to 35. Growth performance was measured during the grower (day 8–24) and finisher (day 25–35) periods. On day 35 carcass composition was determined, blood was drawn for various biochemical measurements and the tibia was excised for mechanical and compositional analyses. Birds that received the low-protein diet had lower terminal body weight and higher feed conversion ratio compared with those that received diets with adequate crude protein content. However, addition of available phosphorus to the low-protein diet resulted in significant reductions in weight-corrected feed conversion that were not evident in the diet with adequate protein content. Bone architecture was only moderately influenced by dietary treatment but birds that ingested the diets containing low and medium protein concentrations had relatively heavier abdominal fat pad weight. Blood biochemistry, especially ammonia, uric acid, and phosphorus, was influenced by both dietary protein and available phosphorus and trends suggested that both axes are involved in protein accretion and catabolism. It can be concluded that performance losses associated with feeding low protein diets to broiler chickens may be partially restored by additional available phosphorus. The implications for use of exogenous enzymes such as protease and phytase and protein nutrition per se warrants further examination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role of available phosphorus in potentiating the use of low-protein diets for broiler chicken production

Cowieson

Perez-Maldonado²,

Kumar

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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“…Both increasing amino acid densities and decreasing S:L ratios enhanced carcass weights, but the impact of amino acid densities was more pronounced than that of dietary S:L ratios. Modern broiler chickens are genetically selected for growth rate and lean body mass gain, which demands routine updates of the amino acid requirements [ 23 ]. A number of studies have shown that broiler chickens are very responsive to variations in amino acid concentrations [ 3 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Box-Behnken optimisation of growth performance, plasma metabolites and carcass traits as influenced by dietary energy, amino acid and starch to lipid ratios in broiler chickens

et al. 2019

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A Box-Behnken designed study was completed to predict growth performance, carcass characteristics and plasma hormone and metabolite levels as influenced by dietary energy, amino acid densities and starch to lipid ratios in male broiler chickens. The design comprised three dietary energy densities (11.25, 12.375 and 13.5 MJ/kg), three digestible lysine concentrations (9.2, 10.65 and 12.1 g/kg) and three starch to lipid ratios (4.5, 12.25 and 20.0) in broiler diets based on maize and soybean meal. Each of thirteen dietary treatments was offered to 10 replicates of 15 birds per replicate floor pen or a total of 1,950 Ross 308 male broiler chickens from 21 to 35 days post-hatch. Increasing dietary energy decreased feed intake with a quadratic relationship between feed intake and dietary standardised ileal digestible (SID) Lys concentrations, where increasing SID Lys initially increased and then depressed feed intake. Increasing dietary amino acid density increased body weight gain and carcass weight; however, dietary energy did not influence body weight gain, carcass and breast meat weight. Feed efficiency was positively influenced by energy and amino acid densities but negatively influenced by starch to lipid ratios and energy and amino acids had more pronounced impacts than starch to lipid ratios. This study indicated that both energy and amino acid densities regulate feed intakes in broiler chickens. Body weight gain of modern broiler chickens is more responsive to amino acid densities; nevertheless, dietary energy density continues to play an important role in protein utilisation, as reflected in significantly reduced plasma uric acid levels.

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“…Utilization of the ideal protein concept allows for precision feeding of poultry, but a keen understanding of the birds' dietary lysine need over time is warranted. However, additional amino acids must be continuously assessed as their minimums can vary based on dietary protein status, bird strain, bird environment, and company production objectives to satisfy economics [9]. As such, this review will provide an assessment of key amino acid considerations in the low CP puzzle and future research considerations which have been summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of amino acid nutrition for diet protein reduction in poultry

Kidd

Maynard

Mullenix

2021

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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There is growing interest among nutritionists in feeding reduced protein diets to broiler chickens. Although nearly a century of research has been conducted providing biochemical insights on the impact of reduced protein diets for broilers, practical limitation still exists. The present review was written to provide insights on further reducing dietary protein in broilers. To construct this review, eighty-nine peer reviewed manuscripts in the area of amino acid nutrition in poultry were critiqued. Hence, nutritional research areas of low protein diets, threonine, glycine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine, and glutamine have been assessed and combined in this text, thus providing concepts into reduced protein diets for broilers. In addition, linkages between the cited work and least cost formation ingredient and nutrient matrix considerations are provided. In conclusion, practical applications in feeding reduced protein diets to broilers are advancing, but more work is warranted.

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Key principles concerning dietary amino acid responses in broilers

Cited by 37 publications

References 64 publications

Possible role of available phosphorus in potentiating the use of low-protein diets for broiler chicken production

Possible role of available phosphorus in potentiating the use of low-protein diets for broiler chicken production

Box-Behnken optimisation of growth performance, plasma metabolites and carcass traits as influenced by dietary energy, amino acid and starch to lipid ratios in broiler chickens

Progress of amino acid nutrition for diet protein reduction in poultry

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