KF‐impregnated clam shells for biodiesel production and its effect on a diesel engine performance and emission characteristics

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engine, but the nitrogen oxide (NOx) liability associated with it is a major challenge. NOx emissions are affected by both engine technology and fuel properties. Experimental studies were conducted on an unmodified heavy‐duty direct injection diesel engine to analyze the effect of fuel properties such as cetane number (CN), oxygen content, fuel density, and engine operating variables (speed and load) on NOx emissions. Test results revealed that NOx concentration is directly proportional to engine load and to biodiesel percentage in blends, and is inversely related to engine speed. Fuel‐bound oxygen in the blended fuels are mainly responsible for the higher NOx. An empirical correlation was developed to predict NOx concentration as a function of CN, oxygen content, fuel density, speed, and load. Experimental and predicted values of NOx emission concentrations for two blends, BA25 and BA50 (25% and 50% microalgae biodiesel blended with diesel), at 2205 rpm and 100% load are 723.19 and 722.94 ppm, and 749.89 and 791.12 ppm, respectively. The developed correlation will be useful in estimating the NOx emissions of a CI engine fueled with various other oxygenated biofuels at different speeds and loads. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 214–221, 2017

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…It was reported in most of the literature that, NOx levels increase with the use of biodiesel due to their higher oxygen contents [14][15][16][17][18][19]. A few researchers found the opposite trend [20][21][22], negating the idea that biodiesel fuel-bound oxygen increases NOx emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the effect of fuel cetane number, oxygen content, fuel density, and engine operating variables on NOx emissions of a heavy duty diesel engine

Singh

Subramanian

Juneja

et al. 2016

“…Exergy of air can be neglected. Exergy input can be described by _ E x in 5 _ m fuel E fuel (11) where E fuel is the specific exergy of the fuel and it can be obtained using Eq. (12):…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their results showed that biodiesel as pilot fuel exhibits similar pressure-time history, with highest peak, as diesel fuel in conventional and dual fuel modes. Niju et al [11] utilized KF/CaO as a solid catalyst for the transesterification of waste frying oil. The synthesized biodie-sel was blended (B20, B40, B60, and B80) with conventional diesel fuel and the effects of blending on the engine performance and emission characteristics were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic analysis of a diesel engine fueled with diesel and peanut biodiesel

Hürdoğan

2015

This study deals with energy and exergy analyses of a four stroke, four cylinders, naturally aspirated, direct-injected diesel engine fueled with diesel and peanut biodiesel. Energetic and exergetic performance parameters of the engine for each fuel were computed and compared with each other. The effect of varying dead state temperatures on exergetic parameters was also investigated. It is concluded that peanut biodiesel indicated similar performance with diesel fuel in terms of the energy and exergy efficiencies. Energy efficiencies of the engine fueled with diesel and peanut biodiesel were determined to be 35.26% and 34.37% while the corresponding exergy efficiencies were calculated to be 33.09% and 32.02%, respectively. The exergy efficiency values for fuels decreased from 35.39 to 31.34% with increasing the dead state temperature from 0 to 358C. V C 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 891-897, 2016

“…The indicted mean effective pressure (IMEP) is a parameter that combines the effects of in‐cylinder pressure and CA on engine output . The coefficient of variation for IMEP (COV IMEP ) is used to evaluate the combustion stability, given by

CO V_{normalIMEP} = \frac{δ_{normalIMEP}}{\overset{normalIMEP}{true}} \times 100 %

where, δ IMEP is the standard deviation of IMEP, and

\overset{IMEP}{true}

is the mean value of the IMEP of a specific combustion cycle.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of co‐combustion ratio on rapid combustion, cyclical variation, and emissions of a heavy‐duty diesel engine fueled with diesel‐methanol dual‐fuel

Zhang

2017

Diesel-methanol dual-fuel (DMDF) combustion was achieved on a 6-cylinder, heavy-duty, turbocharged and common-rail diesel engine. In DMDF mode, the coalproduced methanol is induced to the upstream of the intake manifold and premixed with the fresh air to form a homogeneous methanol-air mixture and then ignited by directinjected pilot diesel in cylinder. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of co-combustion ratio (CCR) on the rapid combustion, cyclical variation and emissions of the DMDF engine. The experimental results show that CCR affect the rapid combustion (a) and knock tendency (b) greatly. With CCR increasing, both a and b increase significantly. The b exhibits an obviously large value under heavy load although CCR and a are small. At larger CCR, DMDF mode may generate a seriously cyclical variation and the coefficient of variation for indicated mean effective pressure (COV IMEP ) exhibits a relatively large value. However, with engine load increasing, the cyclical variation can be obviously decreased. It is also shown that both NOx and smoke emissions in DMDF mode present an obviously decrease trend, while CO and HC emissions exhibits an increase trend. A further reduction of NOx and smoke emissions can be obtained by increasing CCR, but CO and HC emissions are increased in this case.