Khat Intertwined Liver Damage

Alhaddad, Omkolsoum; Elsabaawy, Maha; Waked, Imam

doi:10.4172/2332-0877.1000337

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“… 40 , 41 On the other hand, CEF chewing was associated with acute liver injury, subchronic inflammation and cirrhosis. 24 , 42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catha edulis Forsk and Ascorbic Acid Effects on Hematological Indices in Rat

Leminie¹,

Dugul²,

Eshetu³

et al. 2021

JBM

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Background The prevalence of chewing Catha edulis Forsk and the use of ascorbic acid is increasing from time to time. Their subchronic effects on hematological indices are not well examined. The present study was aimed to investigate their subchronic effects on hematological indices in rats. Materials and Methods A total of 36 adult (7–8 weeks) wild-type rats weighing between 213 and 229g were used in this study. They received Catha edulis Forsk extract (Ce) (100 milligrams/kilogram, 200 milligram/kilogram and 300 milligram/kilogram b.w), Catha edulis Forsk juice (2.5 mL/kg), ascorbic acid (AA 200 milligram/kilogram), and 2% tween 80 in distilled water (T80W- v/v) for twelve weeks. Hematological indices were measured with Sysmex KX-21. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results Neutrocytes (p < 0.01), lymphocytes (p < 0.05), plateletcrit (p < 0.05), average size of platelets (p < 0.05), platelet size variability (p < 0.01), platelet–large cell ratio (p < 0.05) and neutrocytes/lymphocytes ratio (p < 0.001) were significantly greater, while hemoglobin concentration per red blood cell (p < 0.05) and hemoglobin concentration per volume of red blood cells were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in rats received khat. The red cell distribution width (p < 0.05), platelet size variability (p < 0.05) and platelet–large cell ratio (p < 0.01) were significantly greater in rats received ascorbic acid. Conclusion Crude Catha edulis Forsk extract and juice changed some hematological indices and increased platelet activities. The platelet activity was also increased by ascorbic acid. The mechanisms for these changes need to be investigated.

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“… 40 , 41 On the other hand, CEF chewing was associated with acute liver injury, subchronic inflammation and cirrhosis. 24 , 42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catha edulis Forsk and Ascorbic Acid Effects on Hematological Indices in Rat

Leminie¹,

Dugul²,

Eshetu³

et al. 2021

JBM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The khat leaves chewed daily by a high proportion of the adult population in Yemen for the pleasant mild stimulant effect 18 . Khat has recently been recognized as a triggering agent for a severe form of AIH in young males in Yemen and Somalia [19][20][21][22][23] . Current study aimed to measure serum ANA and ASMA as early markers for AIH type1 in Yemeni healthy people who chew khat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Positivity of Ana and Asma Among Khat and Nonkhat Chewers as Markers for Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1

Othman

Hamzah

Al-Mughales

et al. 2017

UJPR

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Objectives: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a necroinflammatory liver disease of unknown etiology. It has been proposed that certain herbs such as black cohosh and dai-saiko might trigger AIH. Khat is an ever green tree whose leaves have been chewed by people in Yemen where AIH is common. Aim of present study was to measure antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) as serum markers for AIH type1 in healthy people who chew and do not chew khat. It also aimed to determine some other risk factors for ANA and ASMA positivity. Methods: A total of 100 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. They were divided into: Daily khat chewers and non-khat chewers. Three ml peripheral blood was withdrawn from each participant. Blood samples were tested for ANA and ASMA using indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results: The age of khat chewers ranged from 30-60 years with mean age 40.4±7.6 years. Non-khat chewer's age ranged from 30-57 years with mean age 39.9±6.2 years. The majority of khat chewers and non-chewers were in age groups 30-39 and 40-49 years old. There is no association between khat chewing and ANA or ASMA serum positivity (χ 2 =0.33, P=0.39 and χ 2 =1.5, P=0.16; respectively). Khat chewing has no association with ANA and ASMA positivity. Nevertheless, ANA and ASMA positivity has an association with aging. Conclusion: Study concludes that Khat chewing has no association with ANA and ASMA positivity. Nevertheless, ANA and ASMA positivity has an association with aging.

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Khat Intertwined Liver Damage

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Catha edulis Forsk and Ascorbic Acid Effects on Hematological Indices in Rat

Catha edulis Forsk and Ascorbic Acid Effects on Hematological Indices in Rat

Serum Positivity of Ana and Asma Among Khat and Nonkhat Chewers as Markers for Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1

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