Ki-67 as a prognostic marker according to breast cancer molecular subtype

Abstract

Objective: Ki-67 plays an important function in cell division, but its exact role is still unknown. Moreover, few works regarding its overall function were published. The present study evaluated the clinical significance of Ki-67 index as a prognostic marker and predictor of recurrence in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The relationship of Ki-67 index with different clinicopathological factors was also analyzed. Methods: Ki-67 index was measured in 107 cases of primary breast cancer from 2010-2012. These patients were evaluated for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. Ki-67 was divided according to percentage levels: < 15% and > 15%. Followup ranged from 32 months up to 6 years.Results: Approximately 44, 23, 15, and 25 cases were grouped as luminal A, luminal B, HER2 subtype, and triple-negative (TN), respectively. No luminal A patients showed Ki-67 level higher than 15%, and their recurrence was 20%. In luminal B group, Ki-67 level higher than 15% was observed in 69% of patients, and recurrence was 39%. In HER2 subtype, Ki-67 was higher than 15% in 34% of cases, and recurrence was 40%. In triple-negative cases, Ki-67 was higher than 15% in 60% of cases, and recurrence was detected in 32% of patients. Patients with Ki-67 less than 15% displayed better overall survival than those with Ki-67 higher than 15% (P = 0.01). Patients with Ki-67 higher than 15% exhibited higher incidence of metastasis and recurrence than those with Ki-67 less than 15% (P = 0.000).Conclusions: Ki-67 may be considered as a valuable biomarker in breast cancer patients.

Reciprocal expression of Annexin A6 and RasGRF2 discriminates rapidly growing from invasive triple negative breast cancer subsets

“…Ki67 is commonly assessed as a biomarker for tumor aggressiveness, resistance to chemotherapy, and to validate the risk of residual disease by immunohistochemistry [30,31]. However, the correlation of Ki67 index with disease free survival has only been consistently shown in luminal A breast cancers [32]. In this study, we demonstrated that the reciprocal expression of AnxA6 and GRF2 is regulated by Ca 2+ influx dynamics and that semi-quantitative analysis of the ratio of GRF2:AnxA6 can be used to broadly delineate the complex spectrum of TNBCs into rapidly growing and invasive subsets.…”

The organic esterO,O’-diethyl-(S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N’-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoate dihydrochloride attenuates murine breast cancer growth and metastasis

“…This nuclear protein is expressed in all active phases of cell cycle, but not in quiescent or resting cells in the G0 and early G1 phase [ 30 , 31 ]. For this reason, Ki-67 could be used as prognostic biomarker and metastatic predictor in many type of human malignancies [ 32 – 34 ]. However, recent study reports that Ki-67 is responsible for cancer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents via maintaining the cancer stem cell niche [ 17 ], and suggests that Ki-67 is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer.…”

Effect of radiotherapy on activity and concentration of serum paraoxonase-1 in breast cancer patients

“…Similarly, Ki67 is a reliable prognostic marker in determining the number of tumor cells that are in the S phase of the cell cycle. Antigen Ki67 is seen as an independent prognostic factor in relation to tumor recurrence [ 46 , 47 ]. Factors underlying the relationship between PON1 and these antigens are, as yet, unknown.…”