Ki67 Index in Patnaik Grade 2/Kiupel Low-Grade Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors with Early Lymph Node Metastasis: A Descriptive Study

Cino, Marzia; Gariboldi, Elisa Maria; Stefanello, Damiano; Spindler, Kevin Pascal; Ferraris, Erica Ilaria; Morello, Emanuela; Bertola, Luca; Maniscalco, Lorella; Martano, Marina

doi:10.3390/vetsci10070436

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…Histological characteristics-such as distinct patterns and the mitotic index (MI: the ratio between the number of cells undergoing mitosis and the total number of cells in a population), together with the assessment of proliferation markers, such as Ki-67 (a nuclear protein highly expressed in cycling cells)-are essential for evaluating the aggressiveness of all types of MCTs, including subcutaneous MCTs. This is because histological grading criteria are not applicable for categorizing subcutaneous MCTs [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Romańska,

Degórska,

Zabielska-Koczywąs

2024

Animals

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Cancer is the leading cause of death in companion animals. The evaluation of locoregional lymph nodes, known as lymph node mapping, is a critical process in assessing the stage of various solid tumors, such as mast cell tumors (MCTs), anal gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, melanoma, and mammary gland adenocarcinoma. MCTs are among the most prevalent skin malignancies in dogs. Staging is used to describe the extent of neoplastic disease, provide a framework for rational treatment planning, and evaluate treatment results. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge on sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in canine MCTs, its influence on treatment decisions and prognosis, as well as the advantages and limitations of different SLN techniques currently available in veterinary oncology. A search methodology was adopted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Critical analyses of up-to-date research have shown that lymphoscintigraphy can achieve a lymph node detection rate of between 91 and 100%. This method is becoming increasingly recognized as the gold standard in both human and veterinary medicine. In addition, initial studies on a limited number of animals have shown that computed tomographic lymphography (CTL) is highly effective in the SLN mapping of MCTs, with detection rates between 90 and 100%. The first study on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) also revealed that this advanced technique has up to a 95% detection rate in canine MCTs. These methods provide non-ionizing alternatives with high detection capabilities. Furthermore, combining computed tomography and near-infrared fluorescence (NIR/NIR-LND) lymphography is promising as each technique identifies different SLNs. Indirect lymphography with Lipiodol or Iohexol is technically feasible and may be also used to effectively detect SLNs. The integration of these mapping techniques into routine MCT staging is essential for enhancing the precision of MCT staging and potentially improving therapeutic outcomes. However, further clinical trials involving a larger number of animals are necessary to refine these procedures and fully evaluate the clinical benefits of each technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Romańska,

Degórska,

Zabielska-Koczywąs

2024

Animals

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Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors

Bertola,

Pellizzoni,

Giudice

et al. 2024

Vet Pathol

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Cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) are common canine neoplasms characterized by variable biological behavior. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be effective prognostic markers in numerous human neoplasms and are increasingly investigated in dogs. The aim of this study was to characterize immune cells in canine MCTs and their relationship with histological location (cutaneous, subcutaneous) and histologic nodal metastatic status (HN0-3). Thirty-eight MCTs (26 cutaneous, 12 subcutaneous) from 33 dogs with known sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastatic status were immunolabeled for Iba1 (macrophages), CD20 (B cells), CD3 (T cells), and Foxp3 (regulatory T cells). Semiquantitative scoring of interstitial and perivascular CD3+, CD20+, and Foxp3+ cells and morphological evaluation of Iba1+ cells were performed. For each marker, the percent immunopositive area was evaluated by image analysis. All MCTs were diffusely infiltrated by Iba1+ cells and variably infiltrated by CD20+, CD3+, and rare Foxp3+ cells. Stellate/spindle Iba1+ cells were associated with HN2 and HN3 SLNs. Perivascular Foxp3+ cells, CD3+ cells, and percent CD3+ areas were increased in subcutaneous MCTs. Interstitial CD3+ cells were increased in cutaneous MCTs with HN0 SLNs. No differences in CD20+ cells were identified between cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs and among SLN classes. MCTs were markedly infiltrated by TAMs and variably infiltrated by TILs. Stellate/spindle morphology of TAMs associated with HN2 and HN3 SLNs is suggestive of a pro-tumoral (M2) phenotype. Cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs have different tumor-immune microenvironments, and T-cell infiltration might contribute to prevention of nodal metastatic spread of cutaneous MCTs.

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Ki67 Index in Patnaik Grade 2/Kiupel Low-Grade Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors with Early Lymph Node Metastasis: A Descriptive Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

The Use of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Canine Mast Cell Tumors

The Use of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Canine Mast Cell Tumors

Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors

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