Killed but Metabolically Active
            <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>
            bacillus Calmette-Guérin Retains the Antitumor Ability of Live bacillus Calmette-Guérin

Secanella-Fandos, Silvia; Noguera-Ortega, Estela; Olivares, Francesc; Luquin, Marina; Julián, Esther

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.12.002

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…M. brumae shows in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo an antitumor ability similar to that of BCG 13 . Second, we have demonstrated in vitro and ex vivo the antitumor activity of killed but metabolically active BCG 14 . In contrast to the proposal of using cell wall extracts, the use of killed but metabolically active-mycobacteria implies using the whole bacterium, thus avoiding missing any potential immunostimulatory compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

γ Irradiated Mycobacteria Enhance Survival in Bladder Tumor Bearing Mice Although Less Efficaciously than Live Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

γ Irradiated Mycobacteria Enhance Survival in Bladder Tumor Bearing Mice Although Less Efficaciously than Live Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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“…Unlike the observations made by the above mentioned authors, other authors found that HK BCG had no inhibitory effect in MGH BC cells [69]. Moreover, lower cytokine levels were produced by HK and γ-irradiated mycobacteria-infected cells than those infected by live bacteria [63,69]. Between both treatments, γ-irradiated mycobacteria trigger cytokine levels closer to those induced by live mycobacteria, than those induced by HK mycobacteria.…”

Section: Purified Mycobacteria Antigens and Non-viable Mycobacteriamentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Between both treatments, γ-irradiated mycobacteria trigger cytokine levels closer to those induced by live mycobacteria, than those induced by HK mycobacteria. Regarding immune activation: induction of cytotoxicity by activated cells, induction of cytokine production, and expression of activation markers on immune cells, again the immune response induced by live mycobacteria was higher than that triggered by non-viable mycobacteria [63,66,70,71].…”

Section: Purified Mycobacteria Antigens and Non-viable Mycobacteriamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…phlei, or HK MIP, inhibit BC proliferation similarly to live mycobacteria [63,[65][66][67], while other works found less growth inhibition of 253J and T24 cells significantly when HK BCG was used [68]. Unlike the observations made by the above mentioned authors, other authors found that HK BCG had no inhibitory effect in MGH BC cells [69].…”

Section: Purified Mycobacteria Antigens and Non-viable Mycobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrary to purified antigens or cell extracts, the use of the whole bacteria warrants the presence of the whole antigenic profile, but depending on the inactivation method, some of the possible crucial antigens can be altered or lost. On the one hand, heat-killing form has been the most studied although mycobacteria cells are damaged [63,64], and on the other hand, γ-irradiation is the treatment which preserves better the integrity of the mycobacteria cell and maintains some metabolic activity [63].…”

Section: Purified Mycobacteria Antigens and Non-viable Mycobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mycobacteria-Derived Agents for the Treatment of Urological and Renal Cancers

Noguera-Ortega¹,

Julián²

2018

Mycobacterium - Research and Development

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Mycobacteria are the unique group of bacteria that are currently used in antitumoral immunotherapy. Specifically, intravesical instillation of viable cells of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), after transurethral resection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, is the most efficacious treatment for avoiding recurrence and progression of the disease. BCG has been used for the last 35 years for bladder cancer treatment, but other mycobacteria or mycobacteria components are currently under preclinical and clinical studies for the immunotherapeutic treatment of non-invasive bladder cancer and also of other types of tumors located at the urinary system. Those are, for instance, cell wall extracts or heat-killed forms from BCG or other mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium phlei or Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) or even viable cells from non-pathogenic mycobacteria such us Mycobacterium brumae. A review of the literature in which mycobacteria components, non-viable mycobacteria, and viable mycobacteria have been used for these different cancers will be performed. In this chapter, the function of mycobacteria as antitumor agents will be then analyzed, awarding the audience a broad knowledge of one of the beneficial applications of mycobacteria, which are usually introduced as dangerous microorganisms.

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Gamma Irradiated Pasteurella multocida Vaccine induces strong humoral immunity and protects rabbits from disease

Ahmed,

Nemr,

El-Shershaby

et al. 2024

Vet Res Commun

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Pasteurella multocida is affecting a multitude of animals and severely affects livestock production. Existing vaccines are mostly chemically inactivated and do not lead to wide protection. Irradiated vaccines are enjoying a renaissance and the concept of “replication defficient but metabolically active” vaccines was recently evaluated in several vaccine trials. P. multocida was isolated from the nasal swab, blood, and lung swab samples from infected rabbits. Gamma irradiation of P. multocida for inhibition of replication was evaluated at an optimized irradiation dose of 10 Kgy established. Four groups of rabbits were (mock) vaccinated with a commercial P. multocida vaccine and three irradiated formulations as liquid, lyophilized formulations with added Trehalose and lyophilized-Trehalose with an “activation” culturing the irradiated bacteria for 24 in broth. Evaluation of humoral immune response by ELISA showed that all three irradiated vaccines produced an effective, protective, and continued IgG serum level after vaccination and bacterial challenge. The IFN-γ expression is maintained at a normal level, within each individual group however, the lyophilized trehalose irradiated vaccine showed peak mean of IFN-γ titer at one week after booster dose (day 21) which was statistically significant. Cumulatively, the results of this study show that gamma-irradiated P. multocida vaccines are safe and protect rabbits against disease. Moreover, Rabbits’ immunization with the three irradiated formulations avoided adverse side effects as compared to commercial polyvalent vaccine, the body weight gain for the irradiated vaccine groups indicates less stress compared to the commercial polyvalent vaccine.

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Killed but Metabolically Active Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin Retains the Antitumor Ability of Live bacillus Calmette-Guérin

Abstract: Our results suggest that killed but metabolically active bacillus Calmette-Guérin could be considered a safer immunotherapy alternative to treatment with the live bacillus.

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

γ Irradiated Mycobacteria Enhance Survival in Bladder Tumor Bearing Mice Although Less Efficaciously than Live Mycobacteria

γ Irradiated Mycobacteria Enhance Survival in Bladder Tumor Bearing Mice Although Less Efficaciously than Live Mycobacteria

Mycobacteria-Derived Agents for the Treatment of Urological and Renal Cancers

Gamma Irradiated Pasteurella multocida Vaccine induces strong humoral immunity and protects rabbits from disease

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