Kinematic models evaluation of shoulder complex during the badminton overhead forehand smash task in various speed

Development of badminton field and net height for class 5 and 6 students of sdn sukodadi 02 paiton district, probolinggo regency

“…Badminton field and net height development products for grade 5 and 6 students at SDN Sukodadi 02, Paiton District, Probolinggo Regency. This is an effort to overcome the problems students face when playing badminton (Barnamehei et al, 2021) [1] . It is hoped that with the development and appropriate height of badminton nets there will no longer be difficulties regarding court problems and the height of the net used.…”

“…In Indonesia, students in grades 5 and 6 of elementary school have an average height of 179.40 cm and a stride length of 53.19 cm. Meanwhile, the average height reached by adults is 221.75 cm, and stride length is 79.90 cm (Barnamehei et al, 2021) [1] . Looking at the differences in anthropometric structures above, of course standard courts cannot be used by students in grades 5 and 6 of elementary school, because standard badminton courts do not suit the stride length and height achieved by elementary school (SD) students (Nolasco et al, 2022) [13] .…”

A Systematic Review of the Biomechanical Studies on Shoulder Kinematics in Overhead Sporting Motions: Types of Analysis and Approaches

“…Surprisingly, only one study analyzed the shoulder muscle activation patterns when performing shoulder overhead movements [41]. Meanwhile, [44] were the only authors who used a shoulder kinematics model with the simulation of the badminton overhead forehand smash.…”

“…Nevertheless, only 1 of the 33 studies collected EMG data at the shoulder, whereby the results suggested different shoulder muscular activation patterns when using different types of racket during the tennis flat serve [41]. Meanwhile, there was only one study that used a kinematic modeling approach to simulate the shoulder movement during the badminton overhead forehand smash [44]. The authors proposed the best shoulder kinematic model is one where the joint between the scapula and the trunk is modeled by a contact ellipsoid although no significant difference was found across various smash speeds showing that the selection of model did not depend on the speed of the movement.…”

“…Due to the nature of overhead sporting motions (mostly performed at high speed), bandages or tapes were often used to minimize the number of markers falling off which could cause a diversion from their normal motion-reducing the ecological validity. Although markers are tracked accurately, skin artifact and wobbling mass movement can compromise the quality of data collected [44]. Fortunately, a handful of investigations have shown that marker-based motion capture is the current gold standard in motion analysis based on validation and high accuracy [21].…”