Kineococcus xinjiangensis sp. nov., isolated from desert sand

Abstract

A brown-orange-pigmented, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped actinomycete, designated S2-20 T , was isolated from desert sand from Xinjiang Province in China. The isolate stains Grampositive, is motile and produces a brownish diffusible pigment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S2-20 T was phylogenetically affiliated to the genus Kineococcus, and the sequence similarity to the type strains of Kineococcus species was less than 96 %, making it clear that strain S2-20 T represents a species that is separate from recognized Kineococcus species. Its major fatty acid was anteiso-C 15 : 0 . The major menaquinone was MK-9(H 2 ). Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain S2-20 T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose. The DNA G+C content was 77.8 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain S2-20 T should be classified within a novel species of the genus Kineococcus, for which the name Kineococcus xinjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S2-20 T (5CCTCC AB 207179 T 5KCTC 19474 T ).Various bacterial species have the capacity to survive under conditions that are commonly considered extreme, such as cold, hot, saline and dry environments. Because of our interest in radiation-resistant bacteria and the correlation that has been made between desiccation and radiation resistance (Mattimore & Battista, 1996), we have studied bacteria that survive in the desert. Desiccation-and radiation-resistant bacteria have been observed in several genera, including Deinococcus, Rubrobacter, Hymenobacter, Methylobacterium, Kocuria and Kineococcus (Rainey et al., 2005; Phillips et al., 2002). The genus Kineococcus was first created by Yokota et al. (1993) with the species Kineococcus aurantiacus, based on a single strain isolated from soil. Two more species have been added to the genus in recent years; Kineococcus radiotolerans and Kineococcus marinus were reported in 2002 and 2006, respectively. In the present study, a strain with diffusible pigment production was characterized as a novel member of the genus Kineococcus.Strain S2-20 T was isolated from a sand sample from a desert in Xinjiang Province using tenfold-diluted tryptic soy broth (TSB/10; Difco) agar. Colonies were brownorange, circular, convex with entire edges and produced a brownish diffusible pigment but not clusters after 7 days of incubation on TSB/10 agar at 30 u C. Cell morphology was examined by light microscopy (Olympus) and by electron microscopy (Hitachi) using methods published previously (Glauert, 1991;Bozzola & Russell, 1999). Motility was observed on motility agar (TSB/10 with 0.5 % agar). The isolate could also grow on tenfold-diluted marine agar 2216 (MA/10; Difco) but not on PTYG medium (Phillips et al., 2002).Genomic DNA for amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was extracted as described by Earl et al. (2002). The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR with bacterial universal primers 27F and 1492R (Lane, 1991) and the PCR products were sequenced by Invi...

Proteomic and Physiological Responses of Kineococcus radiotolerans to Copper

“…K. radiotolerans is not known to produce spores, and closely related species are non-spore forming [12], [77], though complex multi-structural formations are typical for actinomycetes during distinct life-cycle or developmental stages. The 0.75 mM Cu(II) grown cultures displayed strong expression of a putative spoOM protein (Krad0063) at 32 hr, which has been shown to exert certain control over sporulation in Bacillus subtilis [78].…”

Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria

“…The description is as before (Liu et al, 2009a ) with the following modification. The G+C content of the type-strain genome is 74.6%, its approximate size 4.62 Mbp, its IMG deposit 2731639219.…”

Fungal and Bacterial Pigments: Secondary Metabolites with Wide Applications

“…However, compared with fungal pigments, most of bacterial pigments are still at the research and development stage ( Table 2 ); hence, work on bacterial pigments production should be intensified to make them available on the market. Pigment producing bacteria are ubiquitous and present in various ecological niches, such as soil (Zhu et al, 2007), rhizospheric soil (Peix et al, 2005), desert sand (Liu et al, 2009), fresh water (Asker et al, 2008), and marine samples (Franks et al, 2005). They were reported in low (Nakamura et al, 2003) and high (Manachini et al, 1985) temperature regions, can persist in salt regions (Asker and Ohta, 1999), and even as endophytes (Deng et al, 2011).…”