Kinetic Analysis of 1-Butene Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride with a Polyfunctional Catalyst

Spectroscopic investigation of vanadium-phosphorus catalysts

“…The catalytic mechanism and the nature of the active sites have not yet been clearly explained; however, it is commonly accepted that the oxidation occurs through a change in the oxidation state of the vanadium. 6 In particular, the presence of V(IV) is reported to be necessary for activity and selectivity. 7 This paper reports a characterization of vanadiumphosphorus oxide catalysts (prepared with oxalic acid as a V(V) reducing agent) by means of different techniques, viz., diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, X-ray diffraction, and redox titrimetry.…”