Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on biodiesel production from Spirulina platensis algae biomass using single stage extraction–transesterification process

Additives improve the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel from waste oil in a solvent free system

“…The biodiesel production can be carried out by different catalytic processes [4,5] or under supercritical conditions [6,7]. The catalysts used may be classified as chemical catalysts and enzymes.…”

Biodiesel Production from Wet Spirulina sp. by One-Step Extraction-Transesterification

“…Hence, alcohol acts both as a solvent and reactant. By using fewer steps, the production of biodiesel using this process will simplify the biodiesel manufacturing process and reduces the manufacturing cost [18].…”

“…The highest biodiesel yield of 0.6870% was achieved at 50 o C. The increase in yield can be ascribed to higher oil temperatures which allowed solvents to extract more oil. In addition, higher temperatures would also increase the interaction between reactants [18]. However, the temperature was limited to 50 o C for the safety of experiment.…”

Kinetic studies on biodiesel production using a trace acid catalyst

“…Although kinetics study for biodiesel production with acid catalyst have received a significant amount of attention over the past few decades [9,14,15], kinetics study of ethanolysis for biodiesel production with small amount of sulfuric acid as catalyst are rarely discussed. We therefore carried out kinetic studies into the transesterification between corn oil and ethanol, based on consecutive reaction models and experimental measurements.…”

“…Two kinetic models were set up with and without considering the effect of transesterification. Nautiyal et al studied the kinetics and thermodynamics on biodiesel production from algae [14]. Hexane, sulfuric acid and methanol was added to dried algae biomass to carry out extraction and transesterification in one step.…”