Kinetic electro membrane extraction under stagnant conditions—Fast isolation of drugs from untreated human plasma

Eibak, Lars Erik Eng; Gjelstad, Astrid; Rasmussen, Knut; Pedersen‐Bjergaard, Stig

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.018

Cited by 91 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Recoveries in the range 25 -65% were obtained after 10 min extraction. EME from human plasma under physiological conditions was also shown in very recent publications for amitriptyline, citalopram, fluoxetine, and fluvoxamine, 18 and for naltrexone and nalmefene. 19 This opportunity may be very interesting for the future, for extraction of labile analytes prone to degradation under non-physiological conditions, and in other cases where disturbance of the biological sample is undesired.…”

Section: Eme Of Different Basic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…18 Several of the developed EME methods have been validated, and have provided acceptable results from human plasma, whole blood, urine, saliva, and breast milk. 10,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]28,31,32 Typically, the EME methods have provided linear calibration curves over 2 decades (r 2 > 0.99) 22,24 and with repeatability values in the range 2 -10% RSD. 22,24 One example of validation results are reported in Table 1 for naltrexone and nalmefene in human plasma and urine.…”

Section: Performance Of Emementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, EME has also been accomplished in a totally stagnant system, from very small volumes of sample (50 -100 μl) where the short diffusion distance from the sample and to the SLM eliminated the need for agitation. 18 This in combination with the use of a 9-V battery as power supply resulted in a very simple extraction system as shown in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Technical Formats Of Emementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normally, recoveries increase rapidly with time during the first couple of minutes of extraction, and maximum recoveries are obtained after 5 -10 min. 10,17,18,20,23,[25][26][27]36 At this stage, there is normally no further gain in recovery versus extraction time. In several cases, prolonged extraction has resulted in reduced recoveries, and this is probably due to instability problems of the EME system.…”

Section: Performance Of Emementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, basic substances (and peptides) have been extracted in acidic environment, typically using HCl as background electrolyte in both the sample and in the acceptor phase, 10,17,[20][21][22][23]25,27 but also HCOOH has been used as a MS friendly acceptor phase. 18,33 Acidic substances on the other hand have been extracted under alkaline conditions using NaOH as background electrolyte. 26 Several other electrolytes than HCl have been tested for EME of peptides, and the type of background electrolyte was not found to strongly affect extraction recoveries.…”

Section: Performance Of Emementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromembrane Extraction from Biological Fluids

et al. 2011

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Section: Eme Of Different Basic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Performance Of Emementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technical Formats Of Emementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Of Emementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Of Emementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromembrane Extraction from Biological Fluids

et al. 2011

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Microextraction Techniques Based on the Combination of Agitation and Extraction in the Same Device

Roldán‐Pijuán

Lucena

Cárdenas

2015

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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The efficiency of a given microextraction technique relies on both thermodynamic and kinetics factors. The first one defines the maximum amount of analyte that can be extracted, whereas the latter describes the rate at which the extraction equilibrium is reached. The stirring of the sample during extraction is a well‐known kinetic variable that positively affects the diffusion of the analytes between the donor and acceptor phases. Although stirring/agitation is a critical and optimizing variable in most of the microextraction techniques, only a few of them integrate stirring within the extraction device. The so‐called stirring/extraction integrated microextraction techniques present a high potential, and they have been the focus of a deep research in the past decade. This article is focused on the description of the main research milestones in this development, giving a wide overview of the potential and applicability of these microextraction techniques.

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Rapid and simple pretreatment of human body fluids using electromembrane extraction across supported liquid membrane for capillary electrophoretic determination of lithium

2011

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Electromembrane extraction was used for simultaneous sample cleanup and preconcentration of lithium from untreated human body fluids. The sample of a body fluid was diluted 100 times with 0.5 mM Tris solution and lithium was extracted by electromigration through a supported liquid membrane composed of 1-octanol into 100 mM acetic acid acceptor solution. Matrix compounds, such as proteins, red blood cells, and other high-molecular-weight compounds were efficiently retained on the supported liquid membrane. The liquid membrane was anchored in pores of a short segment of a polypropylene hollow fiber, which represented a low cost, single use, disposable extraction unit and was discarded after each use. Acceptor solutions were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C(4) D) and baseline separation of lithium was achieved in a background electrolyte solution consisting of 18 mM L-histidine and 40 mM acetic acid at pH 4.6. Repeatability of the electromembrane extraction-CE-C(4) D method was evaluated for the determination of lithium in standard solutions and real samples and was better than 0.6 and 8.2% for migration times and peak areas, respectively. The concentration limit of detection of 9 nM was achieved. The developed method was applied to the determination of lithium in urine, blood serum, blood plasma, and whole blood at both endogenous and therapeutic concentration levels.

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Kinetic electro membrane extraction under stagnant conditions—Fast isolation of drugs from untreated human plasma

Cited by 91 publications

References 25 publications

Electromembrane Extraction from Biological Fluids

Electromembrane Extraction from Biological Fluids

Microextraction Techniques Based on the Combination of Agitation and Extraction in the Same Device

Rapid and simple pretreatment of human body fluids using electromembrane extraction across supported liquid membrane for capillary electrophoretic determination of lithium

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