Kinetic inductance microstrip delay lines

Pond, J.M.; Claassen, J. H.; Carter, W.

doi:10.1109/tmag.1987.1064872

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Unlike a transmission line made from normal metals, in the SNSPI transmission line, significant kinetic energy is stored in the motion of Cooper pairs. As a result, microwave plasmons propagate at a speed of ~ 2% of the speed of light in this medium, so that a relatively small propagation distance can result in a measurable time delay 21,23 . In addition, the guided plasmonic TM mode in the superconducting waveguide squeezes the field so that it is confined to a region ~ 200-nm in radius around the nanowire 24 .…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-photon imager based on a superconducting nanowire delay line

et al. 2017

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Detecting spatial and temporal information of individual photons by using singlephoton-detector (SPD) arrays is critical to applications in spectroscopy, communication, biological imaging, astronomical observation, and quantum-information processing. Among the current SPDs 1 , detectors based on superconducting nanowires have outstanding performance 2 , but are limited in their ability to be integrated into large scale arrays due to the engineering difficulty of high-bandwidth cryogenic electronic readout [3][4][5][6][7][8] . Here, we address this problem by demonstrating a scalable single-photon imager using a single continuous photon-sensitive superconducting nanowire microwave-plasmon transmission line. By appropriately designing the nanowire's local electromagnetic environment so that the nanowire guides microwave plasmons, the propagating voltages signals generated by a photon-detection event were slowed down to ~ 2% of the speed of light. As a result, the time difference between arrivals of the signals at the two 2 ends of the nanowire naturally encoded the position and time of absorption of the photon. Thus, with only two readout lines, we demonstrated that a 19.7-mm-long nanowire meandered across an area of 286 μm × 193 μm was capable of resolving ~ 590 effective pixels while simultaneously recording the arrival times of photons with a temporal resolution of 50 ps. The nanowire imager presents a scalable approach to realizing high-resolution photon imaging in time and space. Main Text:Quantum and classical optics are currently limited by our ability to efficiently sense and process information about single photons. For example, to enhance the information-carrying capacity of a quantum channel 9 and improve security in quantum key distribution 10,11 , information is typically encoded in the position and arrival time of individual photons.Determining the spatial and temporal information of photons is currently accomplished by single-photon detector (SPD) arrays. Among existing SPD array technologies, the transition edge sensor (TES) and the microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) provide moderate spectral information but less impressive temporal resolution (e.g., the timing jitter is measured in nanoseconds for TESs 12 and microseconds for MKIDs 13 ). Photomultiplier tubes and singlephoton avalanche diodes have sub-1-ns timing jitter in the visible domain, but their detection performance deteriorates in the infrared, and scaling these technologies to large spatial arrays is challenging 1 . Improved timing performance of sub-20-ps timing jitter 14 and sub-10-ns recovery time 15 is possible with superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), which also have been demonstrated to have near-unity detection efficiency 2 , less than 1 dark-count per second (cps) 16 , a wide spectral response from the visible to infrared 17 and greater than 100 cps 3 counting rate 18 . However, attempts to create arrays of SNSPDs have had limited success 3-8 .Traditional row-column rectangular pixel arra...

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-photon imager based on a superconducting nanowire delay line

et al. 2017

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“…As discussed by Pippard and others (33,(42)(43)(44)(45), the use of a superconductor causes an increase in the inductance, L ¼ m 0 ðh þ 2l sc Þ=w, as if the spacing between the superconducting films had increased by 2l sc . The capacitance remains unchanged because the scale length for screening of electric fields in a conductor is of atomic scale.…”

Section: Thin-film Transmission Linesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…ms Q s for the same value of Q s . As Pond et al (45) point out, the kinetic inductance fraction can even approach unity if a thin superconducting film with a high normal-state resistivity r n is used (see Equations 8 and 12). For some applications, e.g., low-noise oscillators, the lower quality factor of microresonators as compared to cavity resonators is a serious disadvantage.…”

Section: Thin-film Transmission Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the 880-nm thickness of the SiO dielectric, the kinetic inductance fraction was around a ms % 0.12, so a value of Q s $ 7 Â 10 3 was achieved, a significant step forward and not far from the Mattis-Bardeen value at T c /T ¼ 4.2 (see Figure 2). Pond et al (45) studied NbN/Si:H/NbN microstrip resonators in the 0-2 GHz frequency range. Using magnetron sputtering, rather thin films (150 Å , 400 Å , 140 Å ) were deposited, and the measured phase velocity c=c ¼ 0:016 was very low, indicating a kinetic inductance fraction close to unity, as would be expected.…”

Section: A Brief Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superconducting Microresonators: Physics and Applications

Žmuidzinas

2012

Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys.

599

597

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Interest in superconducting microresonators has grown dramatically over the past decade. Resonator performance has improved substantially through the use of improved geometries and materials as well as a better understanding of the underlying physics. These advances have led to the adoption of superconducting microresonators in a large number of low-temperature experiments and applications. This review outlines these developments, with particular attention given to the use of superconducting microresonators as detectors.

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“…However, with the classical relaxation-effect model, it will be seen that in addition to L Go , kinetic inductance is created from the inertial mass of a mobile charge carrier distribution within an alternating electric field. This additional inductance is normally associated with superconductors [9,10]; however, as will be seen here, it can also serve to give a useful pedagogical insight into how the classical skin-effect and relaxation-effect models differ, within a normal metal at room temperature, as well as providing a useful variable for simplifying analytical expressions. The force F exerted by an electric field having an intensity E on an electron with charge e is given byF = eÊ.…”

Section: Kinetic Inductance Modellingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Engineering Approach to Modelling Frequency Dispersion Within Normal Metals at Room Temperature for THZ Applications

Lucyszyn¹,

Zhou²

2010

PIER

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Abstract-When compared to the over-simplified classical skin-effect model, the accurate classical relaxation-effect modelling approach for THz structures at room temperature can be mathematically cumbersome and not insightful. This paper introduces various interrelated electrical engineering concepts as tools for characterizing the intrinsic frequency dispersive nature of normal metals at room temperature. This engineering approach dramatically simplifies the otherwise complex analysis and allows for a much deeper insight to be gained into the classical relaxation-effect model. For example, it explains how wavelength can increase proportionally with frequency at higher terahertz frequencies. This is the first time that such an approach has been developed for the modelling of intrinsic frequency dispersion within a metal.While the focus has been on the characterization of normal metals (magnetic and non-magnetic) at room temperature, it is believed that the same methodology may be applied to metals operating in anomalous frequency-temperature regions, superconductors, semiconductors, carbon nanotubes and metamaterials.

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Kinetic inductance microstrip delay lines

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Single-photon imager based on a superconducting nanowire delay line

Single-photon imager based on a superconducting nanowire delay line

Superconducting Microresonators: Physics and Applications

Engineering Approach to Modelling Frequency Dispersion Within Normal Metals at Room Temperature for THZ Applications

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