Kinetic Study and New Applications of UV Radiation Curing

Decker, Christian

doi:10.1002/marc.200290014

Cited by 620 publications

(475 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Other photoinitiators are able to generate several active radicals per molecule, e.g. two for MAPO, and four for BAPO [44,45]. This explains the lower polymerization quantum yield of CQ, which is the amount of monomer polymerized per absorbed photon [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of irradiation time on subsurface degree of conversion and microhardness of high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of irradiation time on degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness of high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites in depths up to 6 mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four bulk-fill materials (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill-TECBF; x-tra fil-XF; QuixFil-QF; SonicFill-SF) and one conventional nano-hybrid resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram-TEC) were irradiated for 10, 20, or 30 s at 1,170 mW/cm(2). DC and Knoop microhardness (KHN) were recorded after 24-h dark storage at five depths: 0.1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 mm. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc test ( = 0.05). RESULTS With increasing bulk thickness, DC and KHN significantly decreased for TEC. TECBF and SF showed a significant decrease in DC and KHN at 4-mm depth after 10-s irradiation, but no decrease in DC after 30-s irradiation (p > 0.05). XF and QF demonstrated no significant DC decrease at depths up to 6 mm after irradiation of at least 20 s. At 4-mm depth, all materials tested achieved at least 80 % of their maximum DC value, irrespective of irradiation time. However, at the same depth (4 mm), only XF and QF irradiated for 30 s achieved at least 80 % of their maximum KHN value. CONCLUSIONS Regarding DC, the tested bulk-fill resin composites can be safely used up to at least 4-mm incremental thickness. However, with respect to hardness, only XF and QF achieved acceptable results at 4-mm depth with 30 s of irradiation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Minimum irradiation times stated by the manufacturers cannot be recommended for placement of highviscosity bulk-fill materials in 4-mm increments. Conclusions: Regarding DC, the tested bulk-fill resin composites can be safely used up to at least 4-mm incremental thickness. However, with respect to hardness, only XF and QF achieved acceptable results at 4-mm depth with 30 s of irradiation.Clinical relevance: Minimum irradiation times stated by the manufacturers cannot be recommended for placement of high-viscosity bulk-fill materials in 4-mm increments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of irradiation time on subsurface degree of conversion and microhardness of high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites

et al. 2014

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“…17 In photocurable systems, photoinitiators affect mainly cure speed, yellowing, and cost. 18 However, other factors such as commercial availability (or easy preparation), solubility particularly in a wide range of monomers, storage stability, and low migration, low odor, and nonyellowing properties in the cured films should also be taken into consideration. In addition, the light absorption properties of the selected photoinitiator need to match the emission wavelength of the light source.…”

Section: Photoinitiators: Structure Efficiency and Wavelength Tunabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

2010

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The use of photoinitiated polymerization is continuously growing in industry as reflected by the large number of applications in not only conventional areas such as coatings, inks, and adhesives but also high-tech domains, optoelectronics, laser imaging, stereolithography, and nanotechnology. In this Perspective, the latest developments in photoinitiating systems for free radical and cationic polymerizations are presented. The potential use of photochemical methods for step-growth polymerization is also highlighted. The goal is, furthermore, to show approaches to overcome problems associated with the efficiency, wavelength flexibility, and environmental and safety issues in all photoinitiating systems for different modes of activation. Much progress has been made in the past 10 years in the preparation of complex and nanostructured macromolecules by using photoinitiated polymerizations. Thus, the new and emerging applications of photoinitiated polymerizations in the field of biomaterials, surface modification, preparation of block and graft copolymers, and nanocomposites have been addressed.

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“…During UV exposure in air, oxygen can diffuse into the ink and affect the cure reaction in a process known as oxygen inhibition [18,19]. This phenomenon is exacerbated with extended exposure times and prevents a full cure of the dielectric layers (EMD 6200 and EMD 6415).…”

Section: Uv Curing Of the Dielectric Materials Under Inert And Ambienmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of an ambient UV-cured dielectric to realise electrically conducting traces

Lim

Goh

Liu

et al. 2015

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Citation: LIM, Y.Y. ... et al, 2015. Surface modification of an ambient UVcured dielectric to realise electrically conducting traces. Surface and Coatings Technology, 266, Additional Information:• This article was accepted for publication in the journal, Surface and Coat- AbstractThere has been much interest in the printing of silver inks onto flexible substrates, for which intermediate dielectric layers are often required to achieve suitable wettability. This work seeks to realize continuous silver traces overprinted onto UV-curable dielectrics through surface modification techniques (thermal and UV-ozone post treatments), when the UV light source used for the curing is non-optimal. Two UV curable dielectric materials were deposited and the effects of curing time and curing atmosphere on the inkjet printability of a commercially available silver ink were investigated. Good wettability of the silver ink was obtained following ozone treatment of the dielectric layers, where the treatment required was found to be a function of the dielectric formulation and the curing atmosphere. Water droplet contact angle measurements were used to analyse the resulting changes in the surface conditions of the dielectric layers. The results provided an indication, but were not sufficient for predicting whether silver traces with measurable resistance could be subsequently obtained. Instead, measurable silver trace resistances were found to be influenced by the occurrence of cracks in the trace and possibly the degree of cross-linking present in the dielectric. Following these results, the authors demonstrate that electrically conductive traces can be achieved on ambient cured samples, which yields a more flexible solution compared to inert cured samples.

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Kinetic Study and New Applications of UV Radiation Curing

Cited by 620 publications

References 83 publications

Influence of irradiation time on subsurface degree of conversion and microhardness of high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites

Influence of irradiation time on subsurface degree of conversion and microhardness of high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Surface modification of an ambient UV-cured dielectric to realise electrically conducting traces

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