Kinetic Study of Waste-derived Solid Hydroxy Sodalite Catalyst during Transesterification of Animal Fat Oil to Biodiesel in a Batch Reactor

Abstract

Kinetic studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions form a crucial step necessary for the understanding of catalytic behaviour of a catalyst towards designing, controlling and optimizing a reactor. This study reports kinetics of waste animal fat oil (AFO) transesterification to biodiesel using waste-derived heterogeneous catalyst, hydroxy sodalite (HSOD) in a batch reactor. The catalyst was synthesized from coal fly ash and waste industrial brine via hydrothermal treatment. At a temperature range of 49 - 62 °C and a time range of 30 -120 minutes, the transesterification of animal fat oil to biodiesel was conducted at a fixed methanol/oil mass proportion 9:1, percent mass weight of catalyst 3 (based on the AFO) and stirring intensity of 300-500 rpm. Experimental findings reveal that reaction rate, which is first-order, was anticipated to increase with increasing temperature, resulted in an activation energy and a pre-exponential factor of 58554.65 J mol-1 and 2.83 min-1, respectively. The value of the activation energy suggests that the reaction is endothermic and a minimum energy of 58.55 kJ is required to achieve an effective collision at a frequency of 2.83 min-1. The highest biodiesel yield was 90 % at 62 °C and this corresponds to a highest AFO conversion of 93 % at a reaction time of 120 minutes.

First Order Kinetics of Biodiesel Synthesis Using Used Frying Oil through Transesterification Reaction

“…It could have resulted from the temperature effect. The presence of intercept was also reported by other works (Aisyah et al, 2012;Talebian-Kiakalaieh et al, 2013;Emeji et al, 2015;Aniokete et al, 2019).…”

“…Typically, transesterification reaction is performed at much higher of alcohol mole than oil mole that the concentration of alcohol can be assumed constant, and the rate of reaction is, therefore, dependent only on the concentration of oil (Turner, 2005). Hence, the first-order model is widely applied to analyze the kinetics of transesterification reaction for biodiesel synthesis (Aisyah et al, 2012;Farag et al, 2013;Emeji et al, 2015;Moradi et al, 2015;Mohadesi et al, 2018;Aniokete et al, 2019).…”

Coal fly ash derived zeolite: a solid-state base for convenient synthesis of diphenyl ethers

“…6(b)). 38 Compared with the literature, the above analysis confirmed the transformation of CFA into sodalite. It was then used as a solid-state base to replace conventional ones for synthesizing diphenyl ethers.…”