Kinetics of a Continuous-Flow No-Mix Anaerobic Reactor

Ghaly, A. E.; Echiegu, Emmanuel Amagu

doi:10.1080/00908319308909037

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This may be explained by the fact that volatile solids are converted to microbial biomass, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and biogas. While microbial biomass contributes to the total solids content of the effluent, the VFAs are evaporated at 105°C and therefore, are not detected in TS measurements (Ghaly and Echiegu, 1993).…”

Section: ------------------------------------------------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process requires the concerted actions of a symbiotic population of three groups of facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria to: (a) degrade carbohydrates, lipids and proteins into alcohols and long chain fatty acids, (b) produce acetate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the end products of the fermentation of organic materials and (c) produce methane and carbon dioxide from the fermentation of acetate as shown in Fig. 1 (Ghaly et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter implies that livestock can be grazed on pastures which have been spread with sludge from the anaerobic digester sooner than would be acceptable if raw manure was used (Blanchard and Gill, 1987). Despite these advantages, anaerobic digestion has not enjoyed widespread acceptance among many farmers due to the relative instability of the system resulting from the sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria to adverse environmental conditions (Ghaly et al, 2000). In particular, temperature is considered to be one of the most important environmental parameters affecting the growth and survival of anaerobic microorganisms (Chen and Day, 1986;Parkin and Owen, 1986;Angelidaki and Ahring, 1994;Burke, 2001;El-Mashad, 2004;Kim et al, 2006;Chae et al, 2008;Appels et al, 2010;Lianhu et al, 2010;Gustin and Marinsek-Logar, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Diurnally Cyclic Temperature on the Performance of a Continuous Mix Anaerobic Digester

Ghaly¹,

Hattab²

2011

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Problem statement: Concentrated livestock production is a major contributor to environmental problems through the production of large quantity of husks on relatively small land area. Anaerobic digestion represents a valuable means of cover by these husks into methane while reducing manure pollution problems. Methodology: An experimental apparatus, including data acquisition and control system, was developed and used to investigate the effects of two diurnally cyclic temperature ranges (20-40 and 15-25°C) and four levels of hydraulic retention times (25, 20, 15 and 10 d) on the performance of anaerobic reactors operated on screened dairy manure. Results: The reactor temperature exhibited a lag relative to the chamber temperature. For the 20-40°C temperature cycles, the average lag at the maximum chamber temperature was 3.75 h while the lag at the minimum chamber temperature was 4.37 h. For the 15-25°C temperature cycle, the average lag at maximum chamber temperatures was 3.61 while the lag of the minimum chamber temperature was 4.34 h. The effluent solids content, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen concentrations were not adversely affected by the reactor diurnally cyclic temperature. The observed values of these parameters compared fairly well with the values obtained by other researchers. The effluent total solids, volatile suspended solids, TKN, NH 4 -N and methane content of the biogas diurnally cyclic patterns were out of phase with the diurnally cyclic pattern of the reactor temperature by about 12 h under most of the investigated operating conditions. The pH and the carbon dioxide content of the biogas all exhibited a diurnally cyclic pattern which was in phase with the reactor diurnally cyclic temperature. The reductions in total solids, total suspended solids, fixed suspended solids, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and methane yield were all significantly affected by the diurnal temperature range and hydraulic retention time. Conclusion: The measured reactor pH followed a diurnally cyclic pattern which was in phase with the reactor temperature. At the operating temperature cycle of 20-40°C, the reactor pH ranged from 6.80-7.54 while VFA concentration ranged from 44.7-154.8 mg L .

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Section: ------------------------------------------------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Diurnally Cyclic Temperature on the Performance of a Continuous Mix Anaerobic Digester

Ghaly¹,

Hattab²

2011

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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“…For example, Sidhu and Nelson [3] used the reactor productivity, X * /τ * , as a performance indicator. Here we choose the treatment efficiency, proposed in [7]:…”

Section: Performance Of a Single Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a model for the treatment of wastewater by the activated sludge process

Watt¹,

Sidhu²,

Nelson³

2006

ANZIAMJ

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We investigate a model for the treatment of wastewater in the activated sludge process. This process is based on the aeration of waste water with flocculating biological growth, followed by the separation of treated waste water from biological growth. Part of this growth is then wasted, and the remainder is returned to the system. The wastewater reactor is assumed to be well mixed, so the mathematical formulation for this process can be represented by a continuously stirred tank reactor with recycle. This system is analysed by combining steadystate analysis with path-following techniques. In practice, wastewater is treated by a sequence of tanks arranged in series.

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“…Compared to other biological treatment processes, anaerobic digestion has several advantages including: (a) A useable biogas that is about 60-80% methane with a fuel value of 22.4 MJ/m 3 is produced in the process (Ghaly and Echiegu, 1993), (b) the digested residue is almost odourless with reduced solids content, enhanced fertilizer value, lower pathogenic bacteria content and loss of viability of contained weed seeds (Engeli et al, 1993;Allan et al, 2003;Eckford et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in-House Computer-Based Data Acquisition and Control System for Anaerobic Fermentation Processes

Echiegu¹,

Ghaly²

2014

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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A computer-based Data Acquisition and Control System (DACS) capable of monitoring the temperature, pH and gas production as well as maintaining a pre-determined temperature profile and feeding regime in anaerobic reactors was developed and tested. The hardware for the DACS was a series-based system consisting of a host processor which drives three modules-a digital input mode (MODULE 255), an analog input node (MODULE 254) and a digital output node (MODULE 253)-through a Serial Communication Adaptor connected to the serial asynchronous communication port of the host processor. The system was tested using two sets of laboratory model reactors maintained under two diurnally cyclic temperature ranges of 20-40°C and 15-25°C. Hydraulic retention time was varied from 10 to 25 days using the control system. The temperature and pH of the reactors were monitored at 30 sec interval. Results showed that the system was able to maintain the desired temperature to within ±2.5°C for the 20-40°C and ±1.0°C for the 15-25°C cycle. It was also able to maintain the desired feeding regime and to monitor and record the temperature, pH and gas production at the desired interval of time.

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Kinetics of a Continuous-Flow No-Mix Anaerobic Reactor

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Diurnally Cyclic Temperature on the Performance of a Continuous Mix Anaerobic Digester

Effect of Diurnally Cyclic Temperature on the Performance of a Continuous Mix Anaerobic Digester

Analysis of a model for the treatment of wastewater by the activated sludge process

An in-House Computer-Based Data Acquisition and Control System for Anaerobic Fermentation Processes

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