Kinetics, structural effects and transformation pathways for norfloxacin oxidation using the UV/chlorine process

Bridging the Gap between Charge Storage Site and Transportation Pathway in Molecular-Cage-Based Flexible Electrodes

“…The high electronegativity of the μ 4 -O site is prone to nucleophilic reactions, which further verified the association with K + . A Fukui function analysis also confirmed that the conclusion matched well with ESP calculations (Figure C). − …”

A review of the adsorption method for norfloxacin reduction from aqueous media

“…The efficacy of the oxidant determines how well AOPs perform [45] . AOPs investigated for NRFX removal include photocatalysis [ 27 , [46] , [47] , [48] ], photolysis [ 49 , 50 ], chlorine processes [51] , [52] , [53] , ozonolysis [54] , [55] , [56] , sonolysis [57] , sonocatalysis [ 28 , 58 ], Fenton (sono-Fenton, electro-Fenton, and photo-Fenton, etc.) [ 25 , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] ].…”

Experimental study and quantum chemical calculation of free radical reactions in ciprofloxacin degradation during the UV/chlorine oxidation process

“…Before analysis of intermediates, ciprofloxacin degradation samples were collected and pre-treated according to an SPE procedure published in our previous research. 17,24 High resolution mass spectrometry (Thermo Qe-plus, USA) was used to screen and identify the unknown reaction intermediates. The instrument parameters included the following: Waters HSS T3 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 2.6 μm), positive and negative scan modes, MS range of 100-500 m/z, higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) at 35%, mass resolution of 35 000 for MS 2 , and 70 000 for MS.…”

“…In previous work, the molecular structural analysis of norfloxacin was performed to reveal the piperazine ring as the potential starting site of the degradation process. 17 Several researchers have also used photochemically induced techniques to degrade ciprofloxacin, such as UV/PS, UV/PMS, UV/Cl, UV/H 2 O 2 , and UV/TiO 2 . [18][19][20][21][22][23] However, these studies rarely examine ciprofloxacin degradation based on molecular structural features.…”