Kinin Generation in the Gingival Inflammatory Response to Topically Applied Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides

Abstract

A water-soluble lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella enteritidis and a phenol-soluble lipopolysaccharide from Leptotrichia buccalis were applied topically to the healthy marginal gingivae of beagle dogs. Saline was applied to contralateral areas as an internal control. Increases in vascular permeability were monitored by measurement of gingival fluid, and the collected gingival fluid samples were assayed for kininogenase and kinin activities. Both lipopolysaccharides induced an inflammatory response, as indicated by increased gingival fluid flow. Kininogenase-kinin activities paralleled the increases in gingival fluid flow, with the highest values being associated with peak increases in gingival fluid. The results indicate that both lipopolysaccharides, although different in lipid solubility, penetrate healthy sulcular epithelium and initiate an inflammatory response which is mediated in part by the kallikrein-kinin system. Interrelationships between this system and other inflammatory mediators suggest that kinin generation not only plays a role in the early phases of acute gingival inflammation, but may also contribute to the activation of other mediators appearing later in the response and in chronic inflammatory lesions.

Characterization of bone resorbing activity in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis

“…Whether or not bradykinin is acting in concert with IL-1a in our samples of GCF is not known. The fact that kinins have been detected in GCF (Montgomery & White 1986), together with our finding that a low molecular weight activity is partially responsible for the bone resorbing activity in GCF, could be taken as evidence for such a possibility.…”

Bradykinin potentiates cytokine‐induced prostaglandin biosynthesis in osteoblasts by enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase 2, resulting in increased RANKL expression

“…One microgram of RNA from MG-63 cells was reverse transcribed into single-stranded cDNA with a first-strand cDNA synthesis kit using random p(dN) 6 primers, and the cDNA was amplified utilizing a PCR core kit as previously described (34). For all genes, no amplification was detected in samples in which the reverse transcriptase reaction had been omitted (data not shown).…”

“…Analyses of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression with quantitative real-time PCR were performed using the TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix kit (Applied Biosystems) as described in detail previously (34). Following DNase treatment, total RNA (0.5-1 g) was reverse transcribed into single-stranded cDNA using the first-strand cDNA synthesis kit with random p(dN) 6 primers. Quantitative real-time PCRs were then carried out using TaqMan kinetics with fluorescence-labeled probes.…”

“…In synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, kallikrein activity, as well as the activity of kininogens, has been demonstrated (5). In addition, increased kinin levels have been found in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in inflammatory exudates collected from dogs with periodontal disease (6)(7)(8).…”