Knife - Holders in Ancient Egyptian Tombs (Religious and Artistic Study) حاملى السکاکین فى المقابر المصریة القدیمة (دراسة دینیة فنیة)

Abstract

Studying ancient Egyptian tombs have long been an important source of information regarding many aspects of Egyptian religion. The walls of tombs are often extensively decorated with scenes rendered in paint or in color relief sculpture. While they were primarily private structures containing images selected by the person who expected to be housed there for eternity, the funerary monuments also reflect religious beliefs more generally. While numerous researches have focused on many of the religious scenes depicted on the walls of ancient Egyptian Tombs, no one focused on the Knife Holders (Gate-guardians) scenes. Hence, the current study focused on Knife-Holders scenes depicted on the walls of both royal and private tombs dating back to the New Kingdom at Thebes. The current study was undertaken to shed light on the meaning and the function of knife in Ancient Egypt. To study the role of the knife-holders in Ancient Egypt. To spot light on the actions and behaviors and locations of the knife-holders in Ancient Egyptian civilization. To spot light on the representations of the knife-holders on the walls of the ancient Egyptians tombs in the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens as well as the private tombs at western Thebes. To focus on the shapes and positions of the Knife-holders in Ancient Egypt. To explain the difference between Knife-Holders and Demons.  Tourism Guidance-Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-Fayoum University-‫اﻟﻮﻃﻦ‬ ‫آﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫دراﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ 15-188-To achieve the objectives of the study, the required data were collected from periodicals, references presenting Knife Holders scenes. Preserving the scenes of knife-holders on the walls of the royal tombs in the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens dating back to the New Kingdom as well as the private tombs at western Thebes that contributed to the interpretation of all the data gathered from literature. The preliminary results indicated that the term (Knife-Holders) is an expression which indicates to tombguardians, demons or minor divinities. These minor deities were subordinate to the major gods and goddesses. They performed specified tasks upon demand and while the major gods tended to be more universal in nature, demons were often defined by specific actions, behaviors and locations. Knife-Holders were often associated with caves, pits and tombs which were considered entrances to the underworld. Moreover, they constituted different categories. Some were clearly portrayed with frightening instruments of punishment like knives for the damned. Others were not inimical and may often be classed as minor guardian deities such as the keepers of the various gates of the underworld. Some were creatures specially tasked with the protection of the king or the deceased in the journey through the netherworld. Concerning their forms, Knife-holders took many forms such as human forms, semi-anthropomorphically with human bodies. They are represented with the heads of different creatures like falcons, jackals and rams.