“…Although Nigeria LGs run the presidential system, there are shreds of evidence of under service (see, Doho et al, 2018). Several issues such as corruption, insecurity, and religious differences (George et al, 2020), poor service delivery, resource allocation, injustice (Othman et al, 2019) are raised to question the effectiveness of decentralization. On LG decentralization, issues of corruption, underfunding, and insecurity are also identified (see, Ikeanyibe et al, 2020; Michael & Rich, 2020; Nurudeen & Marcin, 2019).…”